OQ1) Case: EMF Traders v Carrier MV"Rosemary" Schedule as published: + Estimated time arrival (eta) Singapore 27/01/2013 ~ Eta Penang 29/01/2013 + Eta Colombo 02/02/2013- Eta Calcutta 06/02/2013 + On 27th Jan 2013, MV" Rosemary" set sailed from Singapore. During her voyage from Singapore to Penang. Master spotted a life raft floating on high sea with seven survivors waving for rescue. The vessel made a successful and heroic rescue. Thus, the vessel had to divert to Port Klang to offload the survivors. This action caused the ship to delay for a day and revised eta Penang as 30th Jan 2013. + Prior arriving at Penang, suddenly the Malaysian authority announced every vessel to undergo quarantine due to suspect outbreak of unknown virus like severe acute respiratory outbreak (SAR) for a day. After clearance, the vessel was allowed to berth and start cargo operation on 31st Jan 2013. Hence sailed out to Colombo with updated eta as 4th February 2013. All went well at Colombo until terrorist bombed the terminal and all vessels, were not allowed to sail until safe to do so by order of the Sri Lankan government. Finally, MV" Rosemary" was given clearance to sail to Calcutta on 6th February 2013. + On 10th February, the vessel took berth but no cargo operation was being done due to sudden port worker on strike demanding higher wages. Then the good news broke out that the dispute has been resolved and cargo operation start to operate to discharge the cargo on 12th February 2013. Even though cargoes were safely discharged and delivered to consignees, shippers were not impressed with the accumulated six delays. They demanded for compensation and loss of cargo value. Carrier tried to explain the delay situation and pacify the shippers that no claim can be entertained. ~ Question: On what ground can carrier exercise defences under Hague-Visby Rules - Article 4 item 2 (seventeen defences to carrier)