or a safe transportation of natural gas, it is shipped as liquefied natural gas (LNG) and

specially designed ships are used for its transportation. LNG is a natural gas cooled to

-162oC and at this temperature natural gas converts into liquid form. In a high-pressure

pipeline, having an initial pressure Ps of 12 MPa, LNG was being transported to a tank.

Ambient pressure and ambient temperature were recorded as 0.2 MPa and 4.85oC while

wind velocity uw of 180 m/min was recorded. Due to corrosion, pipe was busted at one point

and the pressurised LNG started to leak from the pipeline. It caught fire and formed a jet

fire of 12 kg/s. A nearby operator standing at a distance of 23 m from the jet fire is

considered as fire receptor. Using the following data calculate the heat flux of this jet fire:

Specific heat capacity Cp: 1.72 kJ/kg.K

Molecular weight of natural gas Wg: 0.0181 kg/mol

Molecular weight of air Wair: 0.029 kg/mol

Angle between hole axis/wind axis jv: 85o

Relative humidity RH: 0.7

Saturation water vapour pressure, Pow: 2320 Pa.

Heat of combustion: 46 MJ/kg