organization should only report directly to one supervisor. How tasks are assigned and grouped together with formal reporting relationships. Relationships between equals in an organization. 1. Vertical Linkage Unofficial relationships 2. Horizontal Linkage such as personal friendships, rivalries, and 3. Unity of Command politics. Relationships within an 4. Informal Linkage organizational structure that show the lines of 5. Organizational Structure responsibility through which a supervisor delegates authority to subordinates, oversees their activities, evaluates their performance, and guides them toward improvement when necessary