Other than Income tax, what other forms of taxation are present in Australia? 2. What is the doctrine of president? How does it help you in working out the legal significance of a tax case? 3. Under the Australian constitution what type of power is the power to make laws with respect to taxation? 4. What are the main powers and duties of the Commissioner of Taxation? 5. What is a tax ruling? Why are tax rulings important and what is their legal force? Where would you find tax rulings on the Australian Taxation Office website? 6. Achmad has just received an amended notice of assessment from the ATO. The amendment has increased his tax liability by disallowing certain tax deductions he had previously claimed and had been allowed. Achmad is unhappy and wishes to contest the amended assessment. He comes to you for advice. Give Achmad advice on the following: a) What are Achmed's objection options? b) if Achmad wishes to appeal an objection outcome to a Court or Tribunal, what are his options? What path would you advise him to take and why?