Other things held constant, which of the following would increase the NPV of a project?

A$)$ An increase in the discount rate associated with the project.

B$)$ A shift from straight$-$line to MACRS depreciation.

C$)$ Making the initial investment in the first year rather than spreading it over the first $3$ years.

D$)$ An increase in required operating working capital.

E$)$ All of the above will increase the NPV$.$