Over 2021, both the labor force participation rate and the unemployment rate in Japan fell. This is most likely the result of Background Information - Japan . People moving from unemployed to employed. Source - Statistics Bureau of Japan 2020 Private Consumption Expenditure (2020 |289.5 trillion . People moving from employed to unemployed. JPY) 2020 Investment (2020 JPY) 136.8 trillion . People moving from employed to not in the labor force. 2020 Government Expenditure (2020 JPY) 113.2 trillion . People moving from unemployed to not in the labor force. 2020 Government Tax Revenue (2020 JPY) 42.1 trillion 2020 Exports (2020 JPY) 83.7 trillion 2020 Imports (2020 JPY) 85.0 trillion So far in 2022, the price level in Japan has risen 0.7%. If this change 2020 Private Consumption Expenditure (2015 285.2 trillion is expected, the [nominal/real/rising/falling] interest rate should JPY) 2020 Investment (2015 JPY) 134.2 trillion change, [nominal/real/rising/falling] by 0.7%. If this change is 2020 Government Expenditure (2015 JPY) 113.0 trillion unexpected, the [nominal/ real/ rising/falling] interest rate should 2020 Government Tax Revenue (2015 JPY) 41.4 trillion change, [nominal/real/rising/falling] by 0.7%. 2020 Exports (2015 JPY) 91.7 trillion 2020 Imports (2015 JPY) 96.2 trillion 2019 GDP (2019 JPY) 558.5 trillion In 2017, Japan's nominal interest rate was 1.56% and its inflation was 2019 GDP (2015 JPY) 553.1 trillion 0.49%. What was its real interest rate? 2018 GDP Deflator 100.3 2020 CPI (base year = 2015) 101.8 Except for 2020, Japan's budget deficit has been shrinking fairly 2019 CPI (base year = 2015) 101.8 steadily over the past decade. This has put 2018 CPI (base year = 2015) 101.3 [upward/downwardo/ambiguous] pressure on the interest rate. Net capital inflow has generally been falling during this same period. This 2020 Total Population 125.8 million people has put [upward/downwardo/ambiguous] pressure on the interest 2020 Adult Population 110.8 million people 2020 Employed Population 66.8 million people rate. 2020 Not in the Labor Force |42.1 million people (The currency of Japan is the Japanese Yen, abbreviated JPY, JPY, or Y. As of Monday, April 4, the exchange rate to the US Dollar was 122.75 JPY to 1 In August 2021, Japan unexpectedly experienced deflation of -0.4%. USD.) This [helped/hurt/did not affect/ambiguously affected] borrowers and [helped/hurt/did not affect/ambiguously affected] lenders