Overhead costs to fabricate Fake News $($FNs$)$ include polling research and an annual retainer to a consortium of Big$-$Wigs.

The polling research is budgeted at $$140$ per DLH $($and each FN should take $15$ DLH$)$ while the retainer is budgeted at $$100,000$ per year. You had expected to fabricate $100$ FNs during $2024.$

Actual results for $2024$ were:

$110$ FNs fabricated

$$230,000$ spent on polling research

$$105,000$ spent on the Big$-$Wig retainer

Calculate variable and fixed overhead spending variances, efficiency, and production volume variances.

How much will COGS change, and in what direction, when these variances are closed out?