Ownership	Age	PE
NoCat	13	Yes
Cat	14	Yes
NoCat	14	Yes
Cat	19	Yes
Cat	16	Yes
Cat	13	Yes
NoCat	12	Yes
Cat	15	No
Cat	18	Yes
Cat	16	Yes
Cat	17	Yes
Cat	18	Yes
Cat	16	No
Cat	13	Yes
NoCat	16	Yes
Cat	12	Yes
NoCat	11	No
Cat	10	Yes
Cat	13	Yes
NoCat	14	No
Cat	18	No
NoCat	15	No
NoCat	14	Yes
Cat	16	Yes
NoCat	12	No
Cat	12	Yes
Cat	17	Yes
Cat	15	Yes
Cat	14	Yes
Cat	13	No
Cat	17	Yes
Cat	14	No
Cat	14	Yes
Cat	15	Yes
Cat	17	No
NoCat	18	Yes
NoCat	13	Yes
Cat	14	No
Cat	14	Yes
NoCat	15	Yes
Cat	14	Yes
Cat	16	Yes
Cat	14	Yes
NoCat	16	No
NoCat	12	No
NoCat	14	No
NoCat	15	No
NoCat	19	No
NoCat	15	Yes
NoCat	15	No
Cat	11	No
Cat	19	Yes
NoCat	15	Yes

A study investigates whether cat ownership by mothers during pregnancy is associated with their children experiencing psychotic episodes. The study uses data from a hospital database. The data includes children aged from 10 to 19 years.

Download the CSV data using the link below and read it into RStudio

The data contains the following variables:

Ownership Cat ownership by mother in pregnancy (Cat/NoCat)

AgeAge of the child (years)

PE The child has experienced psychotic episodes (Yes/No)Question 1

How would you describe this research?

Observational study

Randomised comparative double-blind study

Randomised comparative blind study

Randomised comparative study

Question 2

What type of variable is PE?

Nominal variable

Discrete variable

Ordinal variable

Continuous variable

Question 3

The average age of children who have experienced a psychotic episode is

14.50 years

14.75 years

14.89 years

15.00 years

Question 4

The probability that a randomly selected child whose mother owned a cat has had a psychotic episode is

0.242

0.320

0.714

0.758

Question 5

The appropriate statistical test to investigate whether psychotic episodes in children are related to their mothers owning a cat during the pregnancy is a

Two-sample t test

Two-way ANOVA

One-way ANOVA

Chi-square test

Question 6

Assuming no association, the expected number of children who experienced psychotic episodes and whose mother owned a cat during the pregnancy is

8.83

11.21

21.79

25.00

Question 7

The test statistic for the statistical test in Question 5 is

1.803

1.858

2.625

3.372

Question 8

Based on this analysis, you can conclude that there is

no evidence to suggest that psychotic episodes in children are related to their mothers owning a cat during the pregnancy (p = 0.105)

no evidence to suggest that psychotic episodes in children are related to their mothers owning a cat during the pregnancy (p = 0.581)

no evidence to suggest that psychotic episodes in children are related to their mothers owning a cat during the pregnancy (p = 0.895)

weak evidence to suggest that psychotic episodes in children are related to their mothers owning a cat during the pregnancy (p = 0.053)

Question 9

Ignoring cat ownership, the estimated odds of observing psychotic episodes in children is

0.340

0.514

0.660

1.944

Question 10

The study uses a logistic regression model to estimate the probability of a child experiencing a psychotic episode. The model uses the age of the child and cat ownership by their mothers during the pregnancy as predictors. The coefficient estimate for the variable Age in this model is

-0.8179

0.0218

0.0568

1.1111

Question 11

Based on the estimated model in Question 10, the margin of error in a 95% confidence interval for the population Age coefficient is

0.1439

0.2367

0.2820

0.6082

Question 12

Based on the model in Question 10, the estimated probability of experiencing a psychotic episode for a 13-year-old child whose mother owned cats during the pregnancy is

0.3062

0.4801

0.7372

2.8056

Question 13

Based on the model in Question 10, the estimated odds ratio of experiencing a psychotic episode between a 16-year-old child and a 13-year-old child whose mothers did not own cats during the pregnancies is

0.170

0.780

1.186

1.584