P incurred significant expenses to investigate the possibility of opening a Dowells Hamburgers franchise in Tokyo, Japan. Her expenditures included hiring a local firm to perform a feasibility study, travel, and accounting and legal expenses. Her 2021 expenditures total $25,000. With respect to this amount:

a. Assuming this was Ps first attempt at opening a business of her own, how much may she deduct in 2021 if she decides not to acquire the franchise?

b. Assuming this was Ps first attempt at opening a business of her own, how much may she deduct in 2021 if she decides to acquire the franchise?

c. Assuming P was already in the fast-food business (she owns a Dowells franchise in Toledo, Ohio), how much may she deduct in 2021 to acquire the franchise?