1. Write the properly balanced chemical equation for the reaction between vinegar (acetic acid) and sodium hydroxide.
2. 
    
3. Uncertainty:  is the range of possible values within which the true value of the measurement lies.  All measurements are subject to some uncertainty.  Uncertainty in equipment is accounted for by the use of + .  For example a reading of 11 + 1 means the "true value" is between 10 and 12.  The uncertainty of a measuring instrument in a chemistry lab is estimated as plus or minus half the smallest increment on the equipment.  For instance if a thermometer has a mark every 1⁰C then the uncertainty is +0.5⁰C so if a chemist reads a value of 24⁰C it should be written down as 24.0 + 0.5⁰C (note the reading lines up with the uncertainty).   Mechanical/Electrical devices have uncertainty that is listed when the equipment is bought.  
4. 
    
5. Table #1 - Uncertainty Values for Copper Cycle Reaction:

Equipment	Uncertainty	How many numbers to write down? SF?
Scale	+0.001 g	Three numbers to the right of the decimal.
pipette	+0.01 mL	Two numbers to the right of the decimal.
Burette	+0.05 mL	Two numbers to the right of the decimal.

1.  
2. Procedure (for titration):
3. Watch the following video for the procedure of titration of acetic acid with NaOH.  
4. This is a two part experiment.  Vinegar titration
5. 
    
6. Observations:
7. Fill in the following tables:
8. Part A: Standardization of NaOH:
9. 
    
10. Table #1 - Titration of KHP vs NaOH:

Trial #	1	2	3
Mass of KHP
Initial Volume of NaOH
Final Volume of NaOH	32.75 mL (I think the picture is wrong shown here!)  If you read the burette it would be 30.30 mL
Other Observations (i.e. colour)

1. 
    
2. Table #2 - Titration of vinegar vs NaOH

Trial #	1	2	3
Volume of vinegar (pipette measurement)
Volume of water added
Initial Volume of NaOH		4.38 mL (SF's are incorrect on her lab data collecting )
Final Volume of NaOH		31.73 mL (SF's are incorrect on her lab data collecting)
Other Observations (i.e. colour)

1. 
    
2.  
3. Part A:  Calculation of the Molarity of the NaOH:
4. 1.  Which trials will you NOT use and why?
5. 2.  Fill in the following table:
6. Table #3 - Part A Calculations: 

Trial #				Average
Mass of KHP				Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Moles of KHP if the molar mass of KHP is 204.22 g/mol				Xxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Moles of NaOH if the mole ratio of NaOH: KHP is 1:1				Xxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Volume of NaOH used (Final - Initial)				Xxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Volume of NaOH used converted to Litres.				Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
[NaOH] = n/V

1. 3. Which trials will you NOT use and why?
2. 4.  Fill in the following table: 
3. Table #4 - Part B Calculations: 

Trial #				Average
Volume of Vinegar (pipetted)				Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Volume of NaOH used (Final - initial)				Xxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Volume of NaOH used converted to Litres				Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Moles of NaOH used (Average [NaOH] x Volume of NaOH)				Xxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Using the balanced chemical equation from the pre-lab calculate the moles of acetic acid.				Xxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Calculate the [acetic acid]

1. 
    
2. Questions: 
3. 1.  Why should you always pour into a burette at "stomach level" rather than above your head?
4. 2. The following is a chart of the molar concentrations of acetic acid in commercial vinegars:
5.  
6. Table #5 - Concentrations of Commercial Vinegars:

Brand	Molar Concentration	Calculated %
Allen's Red Wine	0.87 M	5.2 %
Heinz Pickling	1.18 M	7.1 %
No Name	0.87 M	5.2%
President's Choice Aged Garlic Wine	0.99 M	6.0%
Canada Cider	0.91 M	5.7%
Marukan Rice Vinegar	0.71 M	4.3%

1. What type/brand of vinegar was titrated in this experiment?
2. What do you notice about pickling vinegar? Why do you think this is the case?
3. 2.  Most shampoos are basic.  Why do some people rinse their hair with vinegar after washing it?

PA 8. LO 16.4 Use the following excerpts from Zowleski Company's financial information to prepare a statement of cash flows (indirect method) for the year 2018. Cash Account Receivable Merchandise Inventory Plant Assets Accumulated Depreciation Total Assets Accounts Payable Notes Payable Common Stock Retained Earnings Total Liabilities and Equity Additional information: Net income for 2018 Depreciation expense for 2018 (accumulated depreciation increase) Plant assets purchased (plant assets increase), financed by note Notes payable increased by amount of plant asset purchase Notes payable decreased by amount of principal note payments Dec. 31, 2018 Dec. 31, 2017 $ 92,300 22,000 $ 85,000 22,900 140,000 131,000 180,000 150,000 (25,000) (21,000) 409,300 367,900 18,500 21,000 135,500 120,000 20,000 20,000 235,300 206,900 409,300 367,900 28,400 4,000 30,000 30,000 14,500