Pablo Cruz is a University student. He is pleasant and deferential, yet persistent. He is unprepared for an examination tomorrow. He would like the doctor to help him by writing a note saying that he is too sick to take the examination. He knows that other classmates have obtained similar notes in the past for a variety of reasons. Some needed to defer examinations, while others needed extensions for essays. He does not really expect any resistance to the request. When he called the clinic and explained his need, the nurse told him to come to the clinic and see the doctor. He was left with the impression that it was just a formality.Pablo is not really ill. The truth is, rather than studying, he spent last week with his out-of-own girlfriend who was visiting him for several days. Pablo hopes that he can have an extra week to study and write a make-up examination. He has spoken to his professor who informed him that writing the make-up examination was dependent on producing a doctors note.Pablo has a bursary that helps pay his tuition. It depends on maintaining a B average. If he does not get the bursary renewed, he probably will not be able to return for his final year of studies in college. He is the first person in his family to go to college and they are very proud of him. He doesn't want to let them down.

Guide questions for case: Pablo Cruz

1. What are the ethical principles that need to be addressed in this case?

2. What are the viable options to consider in this case?

3. Are there any situations in which it could be justified for a doctor to lie?

4. Discuss these questions under the light of references given for this case.