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1.Compare and contrast the adversarial system and the scientific method. List the strengths and weaknesses of both in the context of criminal and civil law.

2.Describe how a preponderance of inclusive circumstantial evidence can become conclusive in the eyes of a jury.

3. Differentiate clearly between statistical and analytical errors.

4. A forensic chemist prepares a standard of caffeine in chloroform for use in a quantitative assay. The caffeine is purchased from a reputable supply house and arrives with a certificate stating that it is 99.5% pure or better. The analyst needs to make a stock solution at a con- centration near 1 mg/mL. To do so, he obtains a class A 50.00-mL volumetric flask (+ or - 0.05 mL) and uses a microbalance to accurately weigh out 49.6 mg. The balance uncertainty is listed as + or -0.0003 g near the 50-mg range. The analyst quantitatively transfers the pow- der to the flask and carefully dilutes the solution to volume. Report the concentration of the solution in mg/mL and the propagated uncertainty associated with the value. Be sure to use the proper number of significant figures.

5. Using the Excel functions skewness and kurtosis, calcu- late these values for each data set and comment on their meaning. Is either or neither a hypothesis test? Explain