Page 23 of 30 ZOOM For Crash Course #5, imagine that you focus on the two conditions where Sarah either reposted Katie's original filtered picture or Sarah posted a new unfiltered picture of Katie (for this crash course, ignore the "Neutral Picture" condition). Your prior crash courses showed that participant ratings differed depending on the type of picture Sarah posted, with Katie seeming more insecure when Sarah posted the new "Unfiltered Picture" compared to when Sarah posted the original "Filtered Picture". Now you want to see if participants' ratings of Katie's insecurity differs depending on whether Sarah adds the phrase "You are really handy with your photoshopping skills, Katie. No one can post filtered pics like you do!). We will call this the "Callout" condition (Where Sarah either "Called Out" or "Did Not Call Out" Katie for using filters). This will allow us to see if an unfiltered picture is needed to impact insecurity ratings or if merely suggesting that a picture is filtered is enough. In our new factorial study, participants receive one of four surveys that focus on a combination of the Picture conditions and the Callout conditions: 1). Unfiltered + Called Out, 2). Unfiltered + Did Not Call Out, 3). Filtered + Called Out, or 4) Filtered + Did Not Call Out. Participants then rate their impressions of Katie's insecurity. The specific question they answer is, "How insecure is Katie?" on a 7-point scale (1 = Not at all insecure; 7 = Very insecure). You have several predictions that focus on two main effects and one interaction. For the main effect of Picture Condition, you expect that participants will find Katie more insecure in the Unfiltered Picture condition than in the Filtered Picture condition (this follows from findings from the t-Test and ANOVA analyses in your prior crash course quizzes). For the main effect of Callout Condition, you expect that participants will find Katie more insecure in the Called-Out condition than in the Did Not Call Out condition. Finally, you expect an interaction of Picture Condition and Callout Condition, with participants most likely to think Katie is insecure in the Unfiltered + Called Out condition compared to all other conditions, though they will find Katie the most secure in the Filtered + Did Not Call Out condition. The Unfiltered + Called Out condition and the Filtered + Did Not Call Out conditions should fall in between, with neither condition differing from each other. Using this study, answer the questions below and transfer your answers to your Crash Course in Statistics - The 2 X 2 ANOVA Quiz #5 in Canvas (1 point per question). IMPORTANT: The answer options in Canvas may not be in the same order you see them below, so make sure toPage 24 of 30 ZOOM copy over the CONTENT of the answer and not simply the answer letter (A, B, C, D, or E). Note: If you want to run these analyses yourself, look for the SPSS file called "#5 2 X 2 Crash Course Data Filter Spring" in Canvas - not required, but definitely recommended!) 1). What are the independent and dependent variables in this study? Choose the best option from those listed below. A. There is one independent variable: the Picture Condition (Filtered versus Unfiltered). There are two dependent variables. First, there is the Callout (Called Out versus Did Not Call Out). Second, there is the participant ratings of "How insecure is Katie?" on a 7- point scale (1 = Not at all insecure; 7 = Very insecure). B. There are two independent variables. First, there is the Picture Condition (Filtered versus Unfiltered). Second, there is the Callout Condition (Called Out versus Did Not Call Out). There is one dependent variable: participant ratings of "How insecure is Katie?" on a 7-point scale (1 = Not at all insecure; 7 = Very insecure). C. There are two independent variables. First. there is the Picture Condition (FilteredC. There are two independent variables. First, there is the Picture Condition (Filtered versus Unltered). Second, there is the Callout Condition [Called Out versus Did Not Call Out). There are two dependent variables: First, there is the participant's ratings of \"How insecure is Katie?" on a 7-point scale [1 =Not at all insecure; 'i' =Very insecure). Second, there is the participant ratings of \"How insecure do you feel you are?" on a 7- point scale [1 =Not at all insecure; 'i' = Very insecure). D. There are two independent variables. First, there is the Picture Condition (Filtered versus Unltered). Second, there is the Callout Condition [Called Out versus Did Not Call Out). There is one dependent variable: participant ratings of \"How insecure is Katie?" on a 7-point scale (0 = Not at all insecure; 6 = Very insecure]. E. There are four independent variables. The first is the Filtered Picture Condition. The second is the Unfiltered Picture Condition. The third is the Called Out Condition. The fourth is the Did Not Call Out Condition. There is one dependent variable: participant ratings of \"How insecure is Katie?\" on a 7-point scale (I = Not at all insecure; 7 = Very insecure). You run a Factorial AVOVA on this data set and get the following SPSS output. Using this output, interpret the information. Page 25 of 30 ZOOM Descriptive Statistics Dependent Variable: How insecure is Katie? Picture Condition (1 = Callout Condition (1 = Called Unfiltered, 2 = Filtered) Out, 2 = Did Not Call Out) Mean Std. Deviation N Unfiltered Called Out 5.04 1.428 25 Did Not Call Out 5.08 1.077 25 Total 5.06 1.252 50 Filtered Called Out 4.88 1.453 25 Did Not Call Out 3.64 1.254 25 Total 4.26 1.482 50 Total Called Out 4.96 1.428 50 Did Not Call Out 4.36 1.367 50 Total 4.66 1.423 100 Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: How insecure is Katie? Type Ill Sum Source of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 35.240 3 11.747 6.826 000 Intercept 2171.560 2171.560 1261.923 000 PictureCondition 16.000 16.000 9.298 003 CalloutCondition 9.000 9.000 5.230 024 PictureCondition * 10.240 10.240 5.951 .017 CalloutCondition Error 165.200 96 1.721 Total 2372.000 100 Corrected Total 200.440 99Page 25 of 30 ZOOM Error 165.200 96 1.721 Total 2372.000 100 Corrected Total 200.440 99 2). Choose the correct interpretation of the Tests of Between Subjects Effects table: A. There are two significant main effects and one significant interaction B. There is one significant main effect, one non-significant main effect, and one non- significant interaction C. There is one significant main effect, one non-significant main effect, and one significant interaction D. There are no significant main effects and one significant interaction E. There are two significant main effects and one non-significant interactionPage 26 of 30 ZOOM 3). Which of the following is the accurate APA format for writing out the Callout Condition main effect (Called-Out vs. No Callout) and the dependent variable? A. We ran a univariate ANOVA with Picture Condition (Filtered vs Unfiltered) and Callout Condition (Called-Out vs Did Not Call Out) as our two independent variables and participant ratings of "How insecure is Katie?" as the dependent variable. There was not a significant main effect for the Callout Condition, F(1, 96) = 5.23, p = .24. Participants thought Katie was equally insecure in the Called-Out condition (M = 4.96, SD = 1.43) and the Did Not Call Out condition (M = 4.36, SD = 1.37). This fails to support the idea that merely calling out a social media user for posting filtered pictures can lead people to see her as insecure. B. We ran a univariate ANOVA with Picture Condition (Filtered vs Unfiltered) and Callout Condition (Called-Out vs Did Not Call Out) as our two independent variables and participant ratings of "How insecure is Katie?" as the dependent variable. There was a significant main effect for the Callout Condition, F(1, 96) = 9.30, p = .003. Participants thought Katie was more insecure in the Called-Out condition (M = 4.96, SD = 1.43) than in the Did Not Call Out condition (M =4.36, SD = 1.37). This supports the idea that merely calling out a social media user for posting filtered pictures can lead people to see her as insecure. C. We ran a univariate ANOVA with Picture Condition (Filtered vs Unfiltered) and Callout Condition (Called-Out vs Did Not Call Out) as our two independent variables and participant ratings of "How insecure is Katie?" as the dependent variable. There was a significant main effect for the Callout Condition, F(1, 96) = 5.23, p = .024. Participants thought Katie was more insecure in the Called-Out condition (M = 4.96, SD = 1.43) than in the Did Not Call Out condition (M = 4.36, SD = 1.37). This supports the idea that merely calling out a social media user for posting filtered pictures can lead people to see her as insecure. D. We ran a univariate ANOVA with Picture Condition (Filtered vs Unfiltered) and Callout Condition (Called-Out vs Did Not Call Out) as our two independent variables andPage 26 of 30 ZOOM in the Did Not Call Out condition (M = 4.36, SD = 1.37). This supports the idea that merely calling out a social media user for posting filtered pictures can lead people to see her as insecure. D. We ran a univariate ANOVA with Picture Condition (Filtered vs Unfiltered) and Callout Condition (Called-Out vs Did Not Call Out) as our two independent variables and participant ratings of "How insecure is Katie?" as the dependent variable. There was a significant main effect for the Callout Condition, F(1, 100) = 5.95, p = .017. Participants thought Katie was more insecure in the Called-Out condition (M = 4.96, SD = 1.43) than in the Did Not Call Out condition (M = 4.36, SD = 1.37). This supports the idea that merely calling out a social media user for posting filtered pictures can lead people to see her as insecure. E. We ran a univariate ANOVA with Picture Condition (Filtered vs Unfiltered) and Callout condition (Called-Out vs Did Not Call Out) as our two independent variables and participant ratings of "How insecure is Katie?" as the dependent variable. There was a significant main effect for the Callout Condition, F(1, 96) = 5.23, p = .024. Participants thought Katie was more insecure in the Did Not Call Out condition (M = 4.96, SD = 1.43) than in the Called-Out condition (M = 4.36, SD = 1.37). This is contrary to our predictions that merely calling out a social media user for posting filtered pictures can lead people to see her as insecure.Page 27 of 30 ZOOM 4). Which of the following is the correct write-up for the interaction and (if significant) follow- up simple effects tests? A. The interaction of Picture Condition by Callout Condition was not significant, F(1, 96) = 5.95, p = .17. Since this is not significant, there was no need to run simple effects follow-up tests. B. The interaction of Picture Condition by Callout Condition was not significant, F(1, 100) = 5.95, p = .17. Since this is not significant, there was no need to run simple effects follow-up tests. C. The interaction of Picture Condition by Callout Condition was not significant, F(1, 96) = 5.95, p = .17. We would need to run four simple effects tests. 1). We would look at the Filtered Picture condition only (to see if the Called-Out condition and the Did Not Callout condition differed). 2). We would look at the Unfiltered Picture condition only (to see if the Called-Out condition and the Did Not Call Out condition differed). 3). We would look at Called-Out condition only (to see if the Filtered Picture condition and the Unfiltered Picture condition differed). 4). We would look at the Did Not Call Out condition only (to see if the Filtered Picture condition and the Unfiltered Picture condition differed). D. The interaction of Picture condition by Callout condition was significant, F(1, 96) = 5.95, p = .017. We would need to run four simple effects tests. 1). We would look at the Filtered Picture condition only (to see if the Called-Out condition and the Did Not Callout condition differed). 2). We would look at the Unfiltered Picture condition only (to see if the Called-Out condition and the Did Not Call Out condition differed). 3). We would look at Called-Out condition only (to see if the Filtered Picture condition and the Unfiltered Picture condition differed). 4). We would look at the Did Not Call Out condition only (to see if the Filtered Picture condition and the Unfiltered Picture condition differed). E. The interaction of Picture Condition by Callout Condition was significant, F(1, 100) = 5.91, p=.017. We would need to run four simple effects tests. 1). We would look at thePage 27 of 30 ZOOM condition unTered). E. The interaction of Picture Condition by Callout Condition was significant, F(1, 100) = 5.91, p= .017. We would need to run four simple effects tests. 1). We would look at the Filtered Picture condition only (to see if the Called-Out condition and the Did Not Callout condition differed). 2). We would look at the Unfiltered Picture condition only (to see if the Called-Out condition and the Did Not Call Out condition differed). 3). We would look at Called-Out condition only (to see if the Filtered Picture condition and the Unfiltered Picture condition differed). 4). We would look at the Did Not Call Out condition only (to see if the Filtered Picture condition and the Unfiltered Picture condition differed). 5). Below is a set of two SPSS simple effects tests using the split file function. Note that this only looks at two of the simple effects tests rather than all four. The first simple effects looks at the Called-Out condition while the second simple effects test looks at the Did Not Call Out condition. Descriptive StatisticsPage 28 of 30 ZOOM Descriptive Statistics Dependent Variable: How insecure is Katie? Callout Condition (1 = Called Picture Condition (1 = Out, 2 = Did Not Call Out) Unfiltered, 2 = Filtered) Mean Std. Deviation N Called Out Unfiltered 5.04 1.428 25 Filtered 4.88 1.453 25 Total 4.96 1.428 50 Did Not Call Out Unfiltered 5.08 1.077 25 Filtered 3.64 1.254 25 Total 4.36 1.367 50 Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: How insecure is Katie? Callout Condition (1 = Called Type Ill Sum Out, 2 = Did Not Call Out) Source of Squares df Mean Square F Sig Called Out Corrected Model 320 320 154 696 Intercept 1230.080 1230.080 592.810 000 Picture Condition 320 1 320 154 696 Error 99.600 48 2.075 Total 1330.000 50 Corrected Total 99.920 49 Did Not Call Out Corrected Model 25.920 25.920 18.966 000 Intercept 950.480 950.480 695.473 000 PictureCondition 25.920 1 25.920 18.966 000 Error 65.600 48 1.367 Total 1042.000 50 Corrected Total 91.520 49Page 29 of 30 ZOOM Is this a correct interpretation of those simple effects tests? Why or why not? A. Yes, it is a correct interpretation in its entirety. There was no significant difference between the Filtered and Unfiltered Picture conditions when Sarah "Called-Out" Katie for posting a filtered picture. However, when Sarah "Did Not Call Out" Katie for posting a filtered picture, participants saw Katie as more insecure when Sarah posted the new Unfiltered Picture than when Sarah only reposted the original Filtered Picture. B. It is only partially correct, as both simple effects were significant. When Sarah "Called-Out" Katie for posting a filtered picture, participants found Katie more insecure when Sarah posted the new Unfiltered Picture than when Sarah reposted the original Filtered Picture. Similarly, when Sarah "Did Not Call Out" Katie for posting a filtered picture, participants saw Katie as more insecure when Sarah posted the new Unfiltered Picture than when Sarah reposted the original Filtered Picture. C. It is only partially correct, as neither simple effect test was significant. When Sarah "Called-Out" Katie for posting a filtered picture, participants found Katie similarly insecure when Sarah post the new Unfiltered Picture or when Sarah reposted the original Filtered Picture. Similarly, when Sarah "Did Not Call Out" Katie for posting a filtered picture, participants saw Katie as similarly insecure when Sarah posted the new Unfiltered Picture or when Sarah reposted the original Filtered Picture. D. It is entirely incorrect, as the simple effects test for the Called-Out condition was significant while the simple effects test for the Did Not Call Out condition was not significant. E. It is incorrect to run simple effects tests at all. Since the original interaction was not significant, simple effects are not required for the interaction of Picture Condition X Callout Condition