Page fault

A page is a significant, fixed$-$size chunk of virtual memory. All processes that need memory are not

allocated arbitrary amounts of memory, but rather are given blocks of memory demarcated by these

pages. Page faults are a concept in operating systems that occur when a process attempts to access

memory outside the pages that have been allocated to this process.

Your task is to write a small treatise on page faults that introduce this matter to programmers not

familiar with the inner workings of operating systems. However, ensure you do not oversimplify

anything: expand upon

What are page faults and how they work $($the paragraph above is not detailed enough$)$

Their typical uses and frequency of occurrence

$6+4$

You are free to use the Internet or other specialized books as resources but make sure you mention

them by a citation. Responses from ChatGPT are very likely to be low quality and may repeat

itself$/$hallucinate$,$ so use it responsibly. Plagiarism or copying work from others will be penalized.

BONUS: Your work will be reviewed much more positively if you manage to include information about the following, but they

are notmandatory. Please don't answer them if you don't have enough time.

On Windows, a special type of BSOD$($blue screen$/$crash$)$ occurs called $0$x$00000050$:

PAGE$\_$FAULT$\_$IN$\_$NONPAGED$\_$AREA. Why does this happen?

Here we are trying to compare and contrast two Windows applications, Discord and Chrome. Data from Task Manager

can be interpreted to give us information about how these two applications were programmed.

What does the information in this picture tell us about the memory management behaviour of these two

applications? Discuss the approaches Discord$/$Chrome developers have taken to handle dynamic memory

allocation.