Parameter uncertainty:

Select one:

a. include insurer's administrative and capital costs.

b. happens when insurers are uncertain about the true expected losses of insureds.

c. on a contract means that the policyholder must suffer adverse financial consequences personally.

d. none of the answers is correct.

e. on an insurance policy specifies that the insurer will pay only losses in excess of the coverage provided by another policy that the insured may have.