Paraphrase the bold words and underlined sentences in the articles below.

Volcanic Islands

Islands have always fascinated the human mind. Perhaps it is the instinctive response of man, the land animal, welcoming a brief intrusion of the earth in the vast, overwhelming expanse of sea. When sailing in a great ocean basin, a thousand miles from the nearest continent, with miles of water beneath the ship, one may come upon an island that has been formed by a volcanic eruption under the sea. One's imagination can follow its slopes down through darkening waters to its base on the seafloor. One wonders why and how it arose there in the midst of the ocean.

The birth of a volcanic island is an event marked by prolonged and violent travail: the forces of the earth striving to create, and all the forces of the sea opposing. At the place where the formation of such an island begins, the seafloor is probably nowhere more than about fifty miles thick. In it are deep cracks and fissures, the results of unequal cooling and shrinkage in past ages. Along such lines of weakness, the molten lava from the earth's interior presses up and finally bursts forth into the sea. But a submarine volcano is different from a terrestrial eruption, where the lava, molten rocks, and gases are hurled into the air from an open crater. Here on the bottom of the ocean the volcano has resisted all the weight of the ocean water above it. Despite the immense pressure of, it may be, two or three miles of seawater, the new volcanic cone builds upwards towards the surface, inflow after the flow of lava. Once within reach of the waves, its soft ash is violently attacked by the motion of the water which continually washes away its upper surface, so that for a long period the potential island may remain submerged. But eventually, in new eruptions, the cone is pushed up into the air, where the lava hardens and forms a rampart against the attacks of the waves.

No	Phrase	Paraphrase
1	instinctive response
2	welcoming a brief intrusion of earth
3	to its base on the seafloor
4	its upper surface
5	But eventually

Paraphrase the sentences below.

6. When sailing in a great ocean basin, a thousand miles from the nearest continent, with miles of water beneath the ship, one may come upon an island that has been formed by a volcanic eruption under the sea.

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7. The birth of a volcanic island is an event marked by prolonged and violent travail: the forces of the earth striving to create, and all the forces of the sea opposing.

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8. In it are deep cracks and fissures, the results of unequal cooling and shrinkage in past ages.

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9. But a submarine volcano is different from a terrestrial eruption, where the lava, molten rocks, and gases are hurled into the air from an open crater.

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10. Despite the immense pressure of, it may be, two or three miles of seawater, the new volcanic cone builds upwards towards the surface, inflow after the flow of lava.

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