Part 1

1. The two solutions being proposed for the chosen sub-problem. 2. A description of how the sub-problem can be solved, and the rationale and research supporting each solution. 3. An explanation of how prioritization was involved in designing each solution. 4. An explanation of how both solutions to the sub-problem play a role in solving the larger problem. 5. A finalized citation page of the sources (at least three) you used for research, following the MLA style guide.The sub-problem that you will investigate further, and why you chose this over the other sub-problem. I will research ways to optimize renewable energy integration into the power grid, especially by addressing the difficulty of real-time supply and demand balance. This sub-problem was chosen because it is an important issue that affects the efficiency, reliability, and costeffectiveness of power systems. As the globe transitions to a more sustainable energy future, it is important to ensure that renewable energy sources can be included in current grids without jeopardizing stability and service quality. At least two realistic criteria for the chosen sub-problem and an explanation as to why these criteria should be met for the sub-problem to be considered resolved. Two realistic criteria for resolving the sub-problem of renewable energy integration optimization are: Grid stability: The power grid must maintain a stable frequency and voltage to ensure a reliable supply of electricity. The integration of renewable energy sources, which can be intermittent and fluctuate in output, can create instability in the grid. Therefore, any solution to this subproblem must prioritize grid stability to ensure the reliability and quality of service. Cost-effectiveness: A practical solution to optimize renewable energy integration should also be cost-effective. It should minimize the cost of electricity generation and distribution while ensuring that the system's efficiency and reliability are not compromised. This criterion ensures that any proposed solution is practical and feasible for implementation on a large scale. At least two constraints for the chosen sub-problem that have been known to limit solutions to the sub-problem and an explanation of why these constraints exist. Two known constraints that limit solutions to the sub-problem of renewable energy integration optimization are: Limited energy storage capacity: Energy storage technologies, such as batteries and pumped hydro storage. play a critical role in balancing renewable energy supply and demand. However, current energy storage systems have limited capacity and are still in the early stages of development in terms of efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This limitation restricts the amount of renewable energy that can be incorporated into the grid and requires real-time supply and demand balancing to prevent power instability. Grid infrastructure limitations: The current power grid architecture was not designed to support large-scale renewable energy integration. Updating power systems requires significant investments and time, which limits the widespread deployment of a solution to this sub-problem. Adescription of your complex realworld problem, and an explanation about why you chose this problem. Problem: Reducing energy consumption in urban areas Description: Urban areas consume a large amount of energy due to the high concentration of buildings and infrastructure. This energy consumption contributes to high carbon emissions and an increased risk of climate change. Therefore, it is important to find ways to reduce energy consumption in urban areas. A minimum of two sub-problems that are more manageable and solvable. 0 Improving building energy efficiency 0 Increasing the use of renewable energy sources in urban areas An explanation of how these sub-problems came about and are related to or a direct result of the overall problem. Improving building energy efficiency is a sub-problem as buildings are significant energy consumers in urban areas. Increasing the use of renewable energy sources in urban areas is another subproblem as it can help reduce the reliance on nonrenewable energy sources and reduce carbon emissions. A description of how solutions to these problems connect with each other in solving the overall problem. Improving building energy efficiency can help reduce the amount of energy consumed by buildings, which in turn reduces the overall energy consumption in urban areas. Increasing the use of renewable energy sources in urban areas helps to reduce the reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decrease carbon emissions, further reducing energy consumption in urban areas. . A list of at least three sources you will use for research. These do not have to be in a particular format. 0 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) o International Energy Agency (IEA) 0 US Department of Energy. Prioritization of the criteria and constraints and an explanation supporting the decisions made based on research. There should be only one priority list that ranks the criteria and constraints together. Priority list: - Grid stability 0 Cost-effectiveness 0 Limited energy storage capacity 0 Grid infrastructure limitations Grid stability is the most critical criterion as it affects the reliability and quality of service provided to consumers. Costeffectiveness is the second priority as a solution that could be more costeffective may not be feasible for widespread implementation. Limited energy storage capacity and grid infrastructure limitations are constraints that impact the effectiveness of a solution. However, these limitations can be addressed through research and development in energy storage technologies and grid infrastructure improvements, respectively