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Part 1 : Creating the Child Process and Executing the Command Initialize the Shell Print the shell prompt ( osh > ) to the user.

Part 1: Creating the Child Process and Executing the Command
Initialize the Shell
Print the shell prompt (osh>) to the user.
Read the user input from the command line.
Parse User Input
Tokenize the input command into an array of arguments (args).
Handle edge cases where the command is empty or malformed.
Fork a Child Process
Use fork() to create a new child process.
Check if fork() returns a negative value (indicating an error), zero (indicating the child process), or a positive value (indicating the parent process).
Execute Command in Child Process
In the child process (pid ==0):
Use execvp() to replace the child process image with the new command.
Handle errors in execvp() by printing an error message and terminating the child process.
Wait for Child Process to Complete
In the parent process (pid >0):
Use wait() to wait for the child process to complete, unless the command ends with an ampersand (&), indicating it should run in the background.
Part 2: Providing a History Feature
Store Executed Commands
Maintain a history buffer to store the most recently executed command.
Update the history buffer each time a new command is executed.
Implement History Execution
Allow the user to execute the most recent command by entering !!.
If !! is entered and there is no command in history, print a message indicating "No commands in history."
Error Handling for History
Ensure that entering !! without any previous commands does not cause the shell to crash.
Part 3: Adding Support for Input and Output Redirection
Handle Output Redirection (>)
Parse the command to check for the presence of the > operator.
Redirect the output of the command to the specified file using dup2().
Handle Input Redirection (<)
Parse the command to check for the presence of the < operator.
Redirect the input of the command from the specified file using dup2().
Combine Redirections
Ensure the shell can handle cases where both input and output redirections are specified.
Part 4: Allowing Parent and Child Processes to Communicate via a Pipe
Create a Pipe
Use the pipe() system call to create a pipe.
Redirect Standard Input/Output to Pipe
Redirect the standard output of the first command to the write end of the pipe.
Redirect the standard input of the second command to the read end of the pipe.
Execute Commands with Pipe
Ensure both commands run as separate processes and communicate through the pipe.
Additional Notes
Ensure proper error handling throughout the program to manage invalid commands, failed system calls, and edge cases.
Modularize the code by creating functions for reading input, parsing commands, handling redirections, and managing processes.
Test the shell thoroughly with various commands and scenarios to ensure robustness and reliability.
Here is the source code:
#include
#include
#define MAX_LINE 80/* The maximum length command */
int main(void)
{
char *args[MAX_LINE/2+1]; /* command line arguments */
int should_run =1; /* flag to determine when to exit program */
while (should_run){
printf("osh>");
fflush(stdout);
/**
* After reading user input, the steps are:
*(1) fork a child process using fork()
*(2) the child process will invoke execvp()
*(3) parent will invoke wait() unless command included &
*/
}
return 0;
}

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