Part 1: Financial Instruments There are two financial instruments available for investors to invest their money. One instrument (instrument A) requires the investors to make regular payments in the first six years to exchange for the right to receive a guaranteed payoff at a specified time in the future. The payments occur at the beginning of the year while the receipts at the end of the year. After the first six years of investment, the payoff is guaranteed to increase by 2.7% every year without limitation. The instrument does not have expired date but the investors can terminate the investment by selling it back to the issuer at the end of any year for the guaranteed total amount. The schedule below shows related payments and guaranteed payoffs for the first 8 years. Year 1 Annual payoff ($) -54,293 ? ? Annual rate of return (%) -50.29% ? ? N 3 Annual payment (at the beginning) $ 107,960 107,960 107,960 107,960 107,960 107,960 0 ? ? 4 Accumulated payments (at the beginning) $ 107,960 215,920 323,880 431,840 539,800 647,760 647,760 647,760 : Guaranteed total payoff (at the end) $ 53,667 144,188 237,307 333,083 431,606 700,040 718,941 738,352 : 5 6 ? ? 18,901 19,411 ? ? 2.70% 2.70% N00 0 : : 20 The other instrument (instrument B) requires the same payments as instrument A does, but it offers a different payoff pattern which promises a constant 2% of annual interest rate until the investors terminate the investment. The schedule below shows related payments and guaranteed payoffs. Year 1 2 3 Annual payment (at the beginning) $ 107,960 107,960 107,960 107,960 107,960 107,960 0 0 : : 4 Accumulated payments (at the beginning) $ 107,960 215,920 323,880 431,840 539,800 647,760 647,760 647,760 : : Guaranteed total payoff (at the end) $ 110,119 222,441 ? ? ? ? ? ? : : Annual rate of return (%) 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 5 6 7 Annual payoff ($) 2,159 4,362 ? ? ? ? ? ? : : 8 2% : 20 : Instructions: Use Excel to assist your calculation and to complete the schedules of two instruments for 20 years. Questions: 1. When will instrument A have a greater guaranteed total payoff than instrument B? 2. Who do you think will be the target investors for each financial instrument? (In terms of their purposes, expectations, characteristics, etc.) 3. What is the name of each financial instrument likely referred to as? 4. Please find a similar product from the current financial market for each financial instrument. State the name of the product and its annual rate of return