PART B (30 MARKS) Answer All Questions. Did Toyota's Culture Causes Its Problem? You may be familiar with the problems that have recently plagued Toyota. However, you may not know the whole story. First the facts. In 2010 Toyota issued a series of recalls for various models. The most serious was for a defect called "unintended acceleration," which occurs when a car accelerates with no apparent input from the driver. Investigations revealed that unintended acceleration in Toyota cars has been the cause of 37 deaths since 2000. When the problems first surfaced, however, Toyota denied it was the cause. Eventually, Toyota apologized and recalled more than 9 million cars. To many, the root cause of Toyota's problems was its insular, arrogant culture. Fortune argued: Like GM before it, Toyota has gotten smug. It believes the Toyota Way is the only way." Time reported, "A Toyota management team that had fallen in love with itself and become too insular to properly handle something like the current crisis." Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood described Toyota's culture as "safety-deaf." But is this the reality? Increasingly, evidence suggests that Toyota's culture or even the cars it produces is not the source of the problem. A 2011 report released by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) concluded that unintended acceleration was not caused by problems in the electronic circuitry. The Wall Street Journal wrote that "safety regulators, human-error experts and auto makers say driver error is the primary cause of sudden acceleration." Forbes and The Atlantic commented that incidents of sudden acceleration in Toyota cars occurred with elderly drivers, and elderly drivers are known to be more prone to confusing pedals. Many other independent investigations, including ones conducted by automobile experts at Popular Mechanics and Car and Driver, reached the same conclusion: the main cause of unintended acceleration was drivers mistaking the gas pedal for the brake pedal. There is a long history of misreporting on this issue. Audi was nearly driven into bankruptcy when 60 Minutes aired a report, "Out of Control," purportedly proving that defects in the car were behind six fatal sudden-acceleration accidents. As it turns out, 60 Minutes paid someone to tamper with the car-filling a canister of compressed air linked to the transmission to cause the sudden acceleration shown in the segment. Further investigations never uncovered evidence that defects in Audi's cars were behind the incidents. Does Toyota have an insular and inbred corporate culture? Probably. But it has been that way for a long time, and it's far from clear that the culture, or even the company's cars, is responsible for the sudden acceleration problems. Sources: A. Taylor, "How Toyota Lost Its Way," Fortune (July 26, 2010), pp. 108-117; P. Allen, "Anatomy of Toyota's Problem Pedal: Mechanic's Diary," Popular Mechanics (March 3, 2010) Answer all questions below. 1. If Toyota is not the cause of unintended acceleration, explain why was it blamed for (6 Marks) 2. Investigations have shown that after stories of unintended acceleration are publicized, report of incidents increase for all automakers. Elaborate the reasons for this case. (6 Marks) 3. In your opinion is it possible to have a strong-even arrogant-culture and still produce safe and high-quality vehicles. Justify your opinion. (10 Marks) 4. If you were the CEO of Toyota when the story was first publicized, provide a scenario in which you would have reacted. (8 Marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER