(a) Describe briefly the forces acting on a fluid as it flows through a pipe bend. (4 marks) (b) A reducing bend is fitted in a pipeline transporting water at a rate of 85 kg/s. The bend is oriented in a horizontal plane and tapers from 600mm diameter at inlet to 300mm diameter at outlet, deflecting the flow by an angle of 45 degrees. The gauge pressure at inlet is 140 kPa. The mass of the bend is 12kg. (i) Neglecting friction, calculate the magnitude and direction of the net resultant horizontal force exerted by the water on the bend. (16 marks) (ii) The percentage variation in the magnitude of the resultant horizontal force if the outlet diameter of the pipe is reduced to 240mm. Comment on the results obtained above. Neglect the presence of friction in the pipeline. (6 marks) (4 marks)