PART C You must answer this COMPULSORY question. 8. On 1 March 2022, Gabriel visited Dunwich, England to see the worlds largest medieval underwater site. On his underwater tour he saw the stone remains of several buildings and decided to take a wall tile as a memento of his visit. As he was removing the tile from the wall it collapsed revealing a hoard of gold coins. Gabriel dropped the tile and took five gold coins. Later that day Gabriel was visiting a 12fh century cemetery where he saw a fragment of stone embedded in the ground, with the word ANNO carved in it. The fragment was once part of a gravestone. Gabriel dug up the fragment of stone and put it in his pocket.

When he returned to London, Gabriel gave the fragment of stone to his mother, Ann. He took the gold coins to Vintage Valuations where Vladimir told him that they were Roman coins and worth about 2.50004 each. Gabriel told Vladimir "I inherited the coins from my great uncle". Vladimir replied "We both know that's a tie. give you 10,000 for all five. It requires a specialist to get these onto the market'. Gabriel accepted the 10,000 and handed Vladimir the coins. The removal and excavation of cultural objects is an offence in English law.

(a) Explain whether or not the wall tile, gold coins and fragment of stone are tainted cultural objects.

(b) Explain whether or not Gabriel has committed an offence under section 1 of the Act in respect of the fragment of stone.

(c) Explain whether or not Vladimir has committed an offence under section 1 of the Act in respect of the gold cons.