Part I:

• Following the steps introduced in Lab 1 to log onto the host and then try the Linux basic commands discussed below

• Please save the screenshots of the examples and demonstrations in your lab 2, part I, to a pdf file and Please follow the screenshot format demonstrated in this document (2 points for format, 8 points for screenshots)

• Displaying the date and time

date

• Examples: (where $ is the prompt of the host)
• Display the current date and time (Central Standard Time: CST)

$ date

Sun Jan 16 16:23:42 CST 2022

$

• Display the current date and time in the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC, interchangeable with Greenwich Mean Time (GMT))

$ date --utc

Sun Jan 16 22:24:49 UTC 2022

$

• "date" prints the day of the week, month, day, time (24-hour clock Central Daylight Time (CDT) or Central Standard Time (CST)), and year.

• Every Linux command is ended with the pressing of the Enter key.

• Enter key says that you are finished typing things in and are ready for the Linux system to do its thing.

• Finding out who's logged in.

who:

• display information about all users who are currently logged onto the system.

• Examples:

$ who

cfs264sp2235 pts/0 2022-01-16 16:23 (73.94.237.97)

$

• pts number: a unique identification number the Linux system gives to each terminal.

• To display your login ID

$ whoami

cfs264sp2235

$

$ who am i

cfs264sp2235 pts/0 2022-01-16 16:23 (73.94.237.97)

$

• Displaying information.

"echo":

• display the information between the double quotes.

• Examples:

$ echo "Welcome to Metropolitan State University!"

Welcome to Metropolitan State University!

$

$ echo -e " Welcome to Metropolitan State University "

Welcome to Metropolitan State University

$

$ echo e "\tWelcome to Metropolitan State University"

Welcome to Metropolitan State University

$

$ echo e n "\tWelcome to Metropolitan State University" ; echo !

Welcome to Metropolitan State University!

$

• Please provide the screenshot(s) of the exercises listed on pages 1 and 2 below:

• Other fundamental commands:
• pwd: display the current directory
• file: find out the information about a file based on its contents
• touch: create or updates the modification and access times of files.
• rm: delete a file. It is unlikely that you could recover a file that you removed by accident.
• cat: create, view, or concatenate files.
• cp: copy a file.
• mv: move a file. It is also used to change the name of a file.
• cd: change directory.
• mkdir: create a new directory.
• rmdir: delete a directory.
• ls: display directories and files under the current directory.
• cal: display a calendar.
• man: display the online manual for the specified command.
• whatis: display one-line online manual description.
• whereis: locate a file in the system.
• history: display the commands you have executed previously.
• more: display a file page by page from the beginning of the file.
• less: display a file page by page from the end of the file.
• head: display a number of lines from the beginning of a file.
• tail: display a number of lines from the end of a file.
• stat: display file or file system status

• Create a new directory called lab2 as below:

$ cd

$ pwd

/home/students/cfs264sp22/cfs264sp2235

$ ls

Documents bin public_html skel

$ mkdir lab2

$ ls

Documents bin lab2 public_html skel

$

• Change the current directory to lab2 and displays what is under the directory as below:

$ cd lab2

$ pwd

/home/students/cfs264sp22/cfs264sp2235/lab2

$ ls al

total 8

drwxr-xr-x 2 cfs264sp2235 cfs264sp22 4096 2022-01-16 .

drwxr-x--x+ 13 cfs264sp2235 cfs264sp22 4096 2022-01-16 ..

$

• Under the current directory lab2, please follow the commands below:

• Check the current directory to see whether a file called test2 already exists

$ file test2

test2: cannot open `test2' (No such file or directory)

$

• Create an empty file called test2

$ touch test2

$ file test2

test2: empty

$

• Create a file called test3 that contains the current date and time

$ file test3

test3: cannot open `test3' (No such file or directory)

$

$ date

Sun Jan 16 16:44:51 CST 2022

$ date > test3

$ file test3

test3: ASCII text

$ cat test3

Sun Jan 16 16:44:51 CST 2022

$

• Create a file called test4 using the command cat

$ file test4

test4: cannot open `test4' (No such file or directory)

$ cat > test4

This is a test file.

^D

$ file test4

test4: ASCII text

$ cat test4

This is a test file.

$

• Please provide the screenshot(s) of the exercises listed on page 3 below:

• Create a file called test5 using the command cp.

$ file test5

test5: cannot open `test5' (No such file or directory)

$ cp test3 test5

$ cat test5

Sun Jan 16 16:44:51 CST 2022

$

• Modify a file:

$ file test2

test2: empty

$ cat test3 > test2

$ cat test2

Sun Jan 16 16:44:51 CST 2022

$ cat test4 > test2

$ cat test2

This is a test file.

$ cat test3 >> test2

$ cat test2

This is a test file.

Sun Jan 16 16:44:51 CST 2022

$

• Change the name of a file:

$ file test6

test6: cannot open `test6' (No such file or directory)

$ cat test5

Sun Jan 16 16:44:51 CST 2022

$ mv test5 test6

$ file test6

test6: ASCII text

$ file test5

test5: cannot open `test5' (No such file or directory)

$ cat test6

Sun Jan 16 16:44:51 CST 2022

$

• Delete a file:

$ file test6

test6: ASCII text

$ rm test6

$ file test6

test6: cannot open `test6' (No such file or directory)

$

• Display a calendar for Dec., 2022

$ cal 12 2022

December 2022

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30 31

$

• Please provide the screenshot(s) of the exercises listed on page 4 below: