Part VII A) The photoelectric effect explains the event of which electrically charged particles release from a material, as that material absorbs electromagnetic radiation. On the other hand, the stopping potential defines the potential necessary to stop the electrons with maximum kinetic energy from reaching the collecting plate. In many cases, the electromagnetic radiation we observe is a light source (hy, incandescent). According to Einstein's photoelectric effect hypothesis, electrons in a metal can absorb energy from incoming photons of light and escape from the metal's surface if the energy of the photons is greater than the metal's work function. The work function is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from the metal. The stopping potential, as defined above, depends on the energy of the incoming photons, which is proportional to the frequency of the light, and the work function of the metal. As the intensity of the light illuminating the metal increases, the number of photons hitting the metal's surface per unit time also increases. However, the energy of each photon remains the same. Therefore, according to Einstein's photoelectric effect hypothesis, increasing the intensity of the light will increase the number of photoelectrons emitted from the metal, but it will not change the energy of each emitted electron. As a result, we predict that the stopping potential difference should not depend on the intensity of the light illuminating the metal. In other words, increasing the intensity of the light should not affect the minimum voltage required to stop the flow of photoelectrons, as long as the frequency of the light remains constant. B) Methods; To test the prediction that the stopping potential difference should not depend on the intensity of the light illuminating the metal, we can perform an experiment as follows: 1. 1. Set up a photoelectric effect apparatus with a clean metal surface as the cathode and a grid as the anode. 2. 2. Connect a sensitive ammeter in series with the circuit to measure the photocurrent. 3. 3. Use a monochromatic light source, such as a laser or LED, with a fixed frequency, for example, blue light with a wavelength of 444 nm. 4. 4. Measure the stopping potential difference by varying the voltage across the anode and cathode and recording the photocurrent at each voltage. 5. 5. Repeat the measurements for different intensities of light by adjusting the distance between the light source and the cathode. 6. 6. Plot a graph of the photocurrent as a function of the voltage across the electrodes for each light intensity. 7. 7. Repeat the experiment several times to ensure reproduciblety of the results.Simulation Data: Experimental Parameters Experimental Parameters Material Wavelength |Intensity Voltage Material Wavelength Intensity Voltage Sodium 444 nm 100% 8.00 V Sodium 444 mm 75% 8.00 V Graphs Graphs Current vs battery voltage Current vs battery voltage Current Curren 8 - 6 - -2 0 2 0 Voltage Voltage Current vs light intensity Current vs light intensity Cure it Current intensity Intensity Electron energy vs light frequency Election energy vs light frequency Experimental Parameters Material Wavelength Intensity Voltage Sodium 444 nm 50% 8.00 V Graphs Current vs battery voltage e Current 8 - 4 -2 0 Voltage Currentvs light intensity Current Intensity Electron energy vs light frequencyC) We can conclude that our prediction is correct since the graph of photocurrent as a function of voltage is the same for all light intensities, and the stopping potential difference is independent of the light intensity. If the stopping potential difference depended on the intensity of the light illuminating the metal, then the graph of photocurrent as a function of voltage would've differed for different light intensities. By comparing the graphs for different light intensities, we can determine whether the stopping potential difference depends on the intensity of the light illuminating the metal or not. Therefore, we've stated that the stopping potential does not depend on light intensity. D)