Penny Oliva is a college student in a Social Work class that is assigned to write twenty five page paper as the major graded assignment of the semester. She selects the re-entry of prisoners to society as her topic after reading a series of articles by Timothy Price that were published in a trade journal eight years earlier. Timothy had registered his work with the U. S. Copyright Office. Penny gets behind schedule and does not have much time to complete the paper, so she copies the main body of the paper directly from Timothy's articles without attribution to him and presents it as her own work; this covers nineteen pages of her paper. Penny claims that she was permitted to use Timothy's work under the fair use doctrine.

(1) What is the fair use doctrine?

(2) Apart from any internal college sanctions for palagrsmi, has Penny committed a violation of the Copyright Revision Act? Why or why not? (2) Assuming that Timothy has copyright protection, for how long does this protection last?