"'People treat the bolivar ... as essentially an ice cube that you take out of the fridge.And you have better have something to do with this ice cube because it's melting the moment you take it out of the fridge.'"

Based on this quote and GBE course content, which economic phenomenon would this behaviour likely lead to?

1. A higher currency drain ratio c.
2. A lower money multiplier .
3. Lower base money M0.
4. A higher real GDP growth rate gY.
5. Higher velocity V.