Perez Publications established the following standard price and costs for a hardcover picture book that the company produces. Standard price and variable costs Sales price Materials cost Labor cost Overhead cost Planned fixed costs Manufacturing overhead Selling, general, and administrative costs Selling, general, and administrative $ 36.70 8.50 4.40 6.10 7.20 $127,000 51,000 Perez planned to make and sell 31,000 copies of the book. Required: a. d. Prepare the pro forma income statement that would appear in the master budget and also flexible budget income statements, assuming production volumes of 30,000 and 32,000 units. Determine the sales and variable cost volume variances, assuming volume is actually 32,000 units. Indicate whether the variances are favorable (F) or unfavorable (U). (Select "None" if there is no effect (i.e., zero variance).) Number of units Variable manufacturing costs Master Budget 31,000 Flexible Budgets Volume Variances 30,000 32,000