Permabilt Corp. was incorporated on January 1, 2019, and issued the following stock for cash: 2,000,000 shares of no-par common stock were authorized; 750,000 shares were issued on January 1, 2019, at $35 per share. 800,000 shares of $100 par value, 7.5% cumulative, preferred stock were authorized; 540,000 shares were issued on January 1, 2019, at $105 per share. No dividends were declared or paid during 2019 or 2020. However, on December 22, 2021, the board of directors of Permabilt Corp. declared dividends of $15,000,000, payable on February 12, 2022, to holders of record as of January 8, 2022.

1. Use the horizontal model for the issuance of common stock and preferred stock on January 1, 2019. Indicate the financial statement effect. (Enter decreases with a minus sign to indicate a negative financial statement effect.) 2. Use the horizontal model for the declaration of dividends on December 22, 2021. Indicate the financial statement effect. (Enter decreases with a minus sign to indicate a negative financial statement effect.)

3. Use the horizontal model for the payment of dividends on February 12, 2022. Indicate the financial statement effect. (Enter decreases with a minus sign to indicate a negative financial statement effect.)