petremophiles are organisms that have evolved to survive in harsh environments (that are Silen toxic to other organisms). You discover a new type of extremophile bacteria that can survive in copper mine waste. (a) In sunlight, the bacteria appear to be red. Which components of the visible light spectrum do the bacteria absorb? Explain your answer. (1 mark) (b) You shine UV light onto the bacteria and see fluorescence. What can you say about the frequency of the fluorescent light compared to the UV light? Explain. (1 mark) To understand the adaptions of this extremophile bacteria you perform electrical experiments on the cell membrane. (c) You determine a capacitance of 0.4 uuF and resistance of 300 kQ. What is the time constant of this equivalent circuit? (1 mark) (d) What does the time constant say about charge on the cell membrane? - relate the time constant to physical processes that involve the cell membrane. (2 marks)