Pharmaceutical companies maintain large sales forces, which often number 10,000 or more, to call on doctors and hospitals to promote their products. Horizontal integration of pharmaceutical companies leads to larger drug portfolios, enabling them to have a smaller sales force when they are horizontally integrated than when they are not. This is an example of Multiple Choice a source of value creation in vertical integration. a source of value creation in horizontal integration. a source of cost in horizontal integration. a learning race. co-opetition