Phil and Naoko are $25-$year$-$old newlyweds and file a joint tax return. Naoko is covered by a retirement plan at work, but Phil is not.

If an amount is zero, enter $"0".$

a$.$ Assuming Phil's wages were $$27,000$ and Naoko's wages were $$18,500$ for $2023$ and they had no other income, what is the maximum amount of Phil and deductions for contributions to a traditional IRA for $2023?$

Phil

Naoko $

b$.$ Assuming Phil's wages were $$60,000$ and Naoko's wages were $$71,000$ for $2023$ and they had no other income, what is the maximum amount of Phil and deductions for contributions to a traditional IRA for $2023?$

Phil $

Naoko $