Phil is also thinking about a new shipping procedure for this subscription business. It can be a problem for businesses like this where freshness, temperature, and other environmental factors may impact the product. Ms. Moore will not recommend the new shipping procedure unless there is substantial evidence to suggest that it is better than the existing shipping procedures that other companies have used in the past. Phil's Next Task: Stage 7 Ms. Moore believes that the average shipping time using the existing shipping procedure is 5.1 days or lower, with a population standard deviation of 1.5 days (and assumes normal distribution). To determine if the shipping time is still equal to or lower than 5.1 days, a random sample of n=57 online shipments of meal packages was selected. The sample mean was 5.5 days. Using an = 0.05, Phil needs to perform a hypothesis test and submit another report with conclusions. Phil follows this template while performing his calculations and explaining his output.