PHS 101 Study Guide: Week 1 Chapter 1: Intro to Science, Scientific Method, and Measurements 1. What is the definition of "Physical Science"? What is the definition of "Science"? What is the definition of "Technology"? What are the "Big Ideas" of Physical Science? 2. How is "Physical Science" different to "Earth Science"? 3. What is the Scientific Method, and what are the steps to the Scientific Method? What is the difference between observing, inferring, and predicting? 4. What is the difference between scientific law and scientific theory? 5. What is the International System of Units ("SI")? In SI, what are the metric units for length, mass, volume, and temperature? 6. How do you convert to smaller or larger units in SI? 7. Convert the following units: a. 1.2 km to dm b. 33.7 mg to g c. 2785.22 cL to kL d. 78 hg to cg e. 97.0045 Dm to mm 8. Be familiar with graphing points on a graph. What is the slope on a graph? 9. Compute, in centimeters and in meters, the height of a basketball player who is 6 foot 4 inches tall. 10. Convert 70 miles/hour to meters per hour. Convert 70 miles/hour to meters per second. 11. How many decimal places (significant figures) would you use to report the answer of 2.54g + 3.060g = ? 12. Round off the following numbers to three significant figures. a.) 7384.38 b.) 0.01789 c.) 47.645 13. What is the result of (3.15 m x 1.53 m)/0.78 m with the proper number of significant figures? Chapter 2: Motion 14. How do you know if an object is in motion? What is motion? 15. What is the formula to calculate speed and velocity? What is "Instantaneous Speed"? What is "Average Speed"? What is the difference between speed and velocity? 16. If a storm is traveling toward you at a rate of 60 km/hour, and if the storm is 10 km away, how soon will the storm hit you? (hint: use the speed equation and solve for time). 17. What is acceleration? What is the formula to calculate acceleration? If an object is falling from the sky at an acceleration of 10 m/$2, after 5 seconds, what will be its velocity? Note: The object started at rest (0 m/s). 18. A bird accelerates from rest (0 km/hr) to 5.00 km/hr in 2.3 seconds (time). What is its acceleration in m/s ? (Note: 1 hr=3600 s, 1000 m =1 km). 19. You are driving down the highway at a constant speed of 100 m/s. You suddenlysee a police car and hit the brakes so that the car decelerates at -2 m/s . Assuming a constant deceleration, how long will it take for the car to slow down to the posted speed limit of 50 m/s? 20. A car accelerates from rest to about 80 m/s along a race-track. During this time, the car is able to accelerate 4 m/s . a) How much time does it take for the car to speed up to the final speed? b) How far has the car gone during this time? 21. An airplane must accelerate from rest to about 50 m/s along the runway in order to be able to take off. During the takeoff, the airplane is able to accelerate 4 m/s . a) How much time does it take for the airplane to speed up to the take-off speed? b) How long does the runway need to be in order for the airplane to reach this speed? 22. Be familiar with distance-time graphs. On a distance-time graph, what does a steeper slope mean (in terms of speed)? What does a strait line mean? What does a flat line mean? 23. On a speed-time graph, what does a steep slope mean (in terms of acceleration)? What does a strait line mean? What does a flat line mean? 24. What is free-fall? What is weightlessness? Does an astronaut on the Space Shuttle feel weightless because there is no gravity in space? 25. A basketball is thrown straight up with an initial speed of 35 m/s. a) Using the fact that the speed of the ball at the highest point is zero, find how long it takes the ball to reach its highest point. b) How high did the ball go? 26. You throw a golf ball off of the top of a building that is 14 m above the ground. The ball is initially thrown 12 m/s horizontally. a) How long does it take for the ball to hit the ground? b) How far away from the base of the building does the ball hit the ground? 27. A pitcher throws a baseball with an initial speed of 50 m/s at a height of 1 meter above the ground. Answer the following questions assuming that the batter misses the ball and there is nothing behind the batter to stop the ball. a) How long does it take for the ball to hit the ground? b) How far away from the pitcher does the ball hit the ground