Physics 011

Lab 4

This IS a write-up lab.

Website simulator Link : ( https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/gravity-and-orbits )

Professor teaching Link: ( https://laccd.zoom.us/rec/share/2RmyUqL--RKWRM42htjOm4H6pLRIvICMB1XSVfejm0YTrny-ZvEdSrmVvSNNuWXd.cMQmJ09DFDZ_9rbc?startTime=1601049580000 )

(Make sure to check out the CHAT board FROM THE 59 MINUTE MARK also because I have more specific directions on what to do!!!!)

resti atin the Parameters oi Circular Orbits. df '\\ . g: 1149 g P Q Q [:1 E V E] Q :-_;_-- - Recorder: Skeptic(s): Manager: Investigating the Parameters of Circular Orbits Objectives 0 Determine the relationship between orbital speed and orbital radius for circular orbits. 0 Determine the relationship between orbital speed and mass of system objects for circular orbits. - Describe the characteristics of orbits than don't follow this -' CW- , , Um ' 1? our relationship. 0 Calculate how changing various parameters in the Earth-Sun - Trim 3 system (me, m5, res, or ve} affects the orbit ofthe Earth ' Directions 1. Go to httszphetcoloradoed u/en/simulationgravity-and-orbits. Click the Play arrow. Choose "To Scale\". 2. Select Sun and Earth (top choice). Make sure Velocity, Grid, and Measuring Tape are selected {like the diagram to o o 0 I] Earth Days the right). Earth should be two boxes from the Sun. 3. Click the big blue Play arrow 5]. Click the Fast Motion and Slow Motion arrows to see what affect they have. Use these two buttons as needed. Click the big blue stop button. Click the grey reset button in the upper right. (This is the only reset button you will ever use.) 4. Determine the speed of the Earth in m/s when it is in this initial orbit oftwo boxes from the Sun. Describe your plan and show your work below. Daeameii?@SEmas nvestigating the Parameters of Circular Orbits.pdf T V '1 m: m Q 61 L] E D Q Elmo; 5. Click Reset a. Move the Earth so it is one box from the Sun. (Note: one box side equals about 46,000,000 miles.) Do not change the length of the velocity vector. Predict what will happen to the Earth and Sun when you hit Play. I 6. Click Play 5]. What do you observe about the motions ofthe Earth and Sun? Why does the Earth move in this way? 7. Click Reset a. Stretch or shrink the velocity vector 50, when you ciick Play a, the orbit is circular. First use trial and error. How can you quickly tell if the orbit is circular? westigating the Parameters of circular Orbi' ' EH: 2:4 Q a [I] g v El\" Owe-e 8. Use the general formulas for gravitational force and centripetal force to derive the relationship between speed {v} and orbital radius (r) for circular orbits. Show the relationship you derived to your instructor before going on. instructor or LA approval: 9. Use this formula to determine the speed in refs that will result in a circular orbit when Earth is one box from the Sun. Three Boxes 10. Click Reset I. Move the Earth so it is three boxes from the Sun. Do not change the length of the velocity vector. Predict what will happen to the Earth and Sun when you hit Play. 'estigating the Parameters of Circular Orbi' j? 21,4 Q Q [1] f V 8\" Q 11. Click Play 5] What do you observe about the motions of the Earth and Sun? Compare what you observed with the one box motion you observed above. 12. Click Reset I. Stretch or shrink the veiocity vector 50, when you click Play 5], the orbit is circular. First use trial and error. Use the formula you derived in item 8 to determine the speed in mjs that will result in a circular orbit when the Earth is three boxes from the Sun. I More massive Sun 13. Click Reset I. Change the mass of the Sun to 2.0 Solar masses. Predict what will happen to the Earth and Sun when you hit Play. estigating the Parameters of Circular Orbitr = 3:4 Q Q [3 2 v CI\" 69 Q 4. Click Play a. What do you observe about the motions ofthe Earth and Sun? Why does the Earth move in this way? 15. Click Reset I. Stretch or shrink the velocity vector so, when you click Play a, the orbit is circular. Use the formula you derived in item 8 to determine the speed that will result in a circular orbit when the Sun is 2.0 Solar masses. I 16. Click Reset I. Change the mass of the Sun to 0.5 Solar masses. Predict what will happen to the Earth and Sun when you hit Play. Less massive Sun 17. Click Play B. What do you observe about the motions of the Earth and Sun? Compare what you observed with the more massive Sun motion you observed above. 18. Click Reset I. Stretch or shrink the velocity vector 50, when you click Play E], the orbit is circular. Use the formula you derived in item 8 to determine the speed that will result in a circular orbit when the Sun is 0.5 Solar masses. Investigating the Parameters of circular Orb T m 3,4 Q Q L] 52 More massive Earth 19. Click Reset 5. Change the mass of the Earth to 2.0 Earth masses. Predict what will happen to the Earth and Sun when you hit Play. 20. Click Play a. What do you observe about the motions ofthe Earth and Sun? Why does the Earth move in this way? 21. Click Reset E_ Stretch or shrink the velocity vector so, when you click Play a, the orbit is circular. Use the formula you derived in item 8 to determine the speed that will result in a circular orbit when the Earth is 2.!) Earth masses. Investigating the Parameters of Circular Orbit " Q me: 4.14 Q [E g V ET 6) Q is"? Less massive Earth 22. Click Reset a. Change the mass ofthe Earth to 0.5 Earth masses. Predict what will happen to the Earth and Sun when you hit Play. 23. Click Play B. What do you observe about the motions of the Earth and Sun? Compare what you observed with the more massive Earth motion you observed above. I 24. Click Reset a. Stretch or shrink the velocity vector 50, when you click Play 53, the orbit is circular. Use the formula you derived in item 8 to determine the speed that will result in a circular orbit when the Earth is 0.5 Earth masses. Agglication 25. Which of the tested parameters affect the speed of the orbiting object? Ewe W'simn@em investigating the Parameters of Circular Orbits ' Q was: 4:4 26. Describe the main condition(s) for circular orbits. 27. Suppose someone showed you the orbital speed and orbital radius of so determine if the object had a circular (or very close to circuia r} orbit? mething orbiting the Sun. How could you