pick the correct answer

1. Is there a difference in means on the IIFAS (breast feeding attitude scale) score at 2days, 2weeks and 6 weeks for dependent observations, assume normality of the IILAS which is measured at the interval level. a. Dependent: IIFAS b. Dependent observations c. Normally distributed data d. Repeated measures ANOVA

2. Is there a difference in mean scores on the Advance Care Plan Engagement Survey (ACPES) (measured on a scale between 4 and 16; ordinal data treated as interval) in a small sample size (N=12) at three different intervals: baseline, 1 week after the workshop and 2 weeks after the workshop at a booster session. a. Dependent: scores on ACPES b. 3 different intervals c. Very small sample size (N=12); not likely to be normally distributed d. Friedman test

3. Is there a difference in IILAS scores (on breast feeding attitudes) in nurses after an educational retreat? The IILAS is measured on a scale that ranges from a low score of 38 to a high score of 89, interval level data. High scores over 81 indicate positive to breast feeding, low scores indicate positive to formula. The same nurses completed the IIFAS as a pretest and the posttest after the educational retreat. Assume normality of the IIFAS. a. Dependent: nurses scores IILAS (continuous) b. Normally distributed c. Dependent observations (same people) d. 2 groups (before and after) 1 comparison e. Paired t-test

4. Is there a difference in the number of nurses who took an unplanned absence from their staff nurse role during a 1-month period of time before participating in a 6-week mindfulness/meditation program and the number of nurses who took an unplanned absence from their staff nurse role in the 1 month following the 6-week mindfulness/medication program? Data are nominal and sample size is close to 100 nurses who participated. a. Dependent: unplanned absence (nominal either they did or did not) b. Independent: mindfulness/meditation program (nominal) c. Means do not make any sense for these data, but counts do. d. Crosstabs with Chi Square

5. A DNP project proposed differences in the mean score on noise at night as measured in decibels and recorded at minute intervals over a 24 hr period at three different intervals: 1-month pre noise campaign, 1 month after noise campaign and 2 months after noise campaign. Noise levels for all three 24 hr periods were normally distributed. What test of significance could be used to determine if there are statistically significant differences in the mean decibel level for each 24hr period of time across the three intervals. a. Dependent: mean score on noise at night

b. Independent: noise campaign c. Normally distributed d. 3 different periods e. ANOVA because the patients are all different at each timeframe OR you could consider the since the nurses are all the same this could also be a repeated measures ANOVA even though the measurements came from diffferent patients.

6. The ACPES survey measures engagement in advance care planning on a scale between 4 and 16; ordinal data treated as interval. You found significance in a very small sample using the non-parametric Friedman test for dependent observations across three timeframes: baseline, 1 week after the educational workshop and 2 weeks afterwards. Now that you know there is significance, what test(s) can you use to pinpoint where those differences are? a. Friedman test already shows a relationship but doesn't pinpoint where the differences are specifically b. Data are not normally distributed c. Dependent observations d. Use the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and compare: 1. baseline to 1wk after workshop; 2. baseline to 2 wks after and 3. 1wk to 2 wk. e. Use the Bonferroni correction (because the non-parametric tests don't include a post hoc analysis the way that the parametric tests do).

7. Is there an association between the number of minutes with skin-to-skin (S2S) contact (the independent variable) by a mother and healthy newborn in the postpartum period and the number of minutes needed on the radiant warmer (the dependent variable)? In the dataset, the number of minutes on the radiant warmer ranges from 0 to 600 and is normally distributed. A negative relationship is expected; as the number of S2S increases, the number of minutes needed on the radiant warmer decreases). a. Continuous variables b. Normally distributed c. "an association" is a tip off to correlation d. scatterplot first to establish linearity e. Pearson R (correlation)

8. Is there an association between the number of mothers discharged with exclusive breast feeding, a mix of breast and formula and all formula before and after a training program for staff? Consider the three categories of breastfeeding types to be ordinal/ranked and the before and after groups dichotomous, split by date. a. Dependent: categories of breastfeeding (3) and "before and after" groups dichotomous (2) b. Independent: training program c. Since the data are all nominal or ordinal, a "mean" doesn't make sense; but "counts" are good. d. Chi square with crosstabs (results in a 2x3 contingency table).

9. Is there an association between the score on the perceived stress scale, the dependent variable (PSS 0=no stress; 40=higher perceived stress) and the number of minutes per day using relaxation techniques cumulatively summed over a 1-month period of time (0-300); the independent variable. Participants were encouraged to track use the relaxation techniques for 10 minutes a day, and to track their totals for a month. Data are not normally distributed. a. Dependent: perceived stress scale (continuous) b. Independent: minutes per day using relaxation techniques (continuous) c. Data are not normally distributed so a non-parametric test is what is needed.

d. Spearman correlation

10. What is the difference in the mean clinical opiate withdrawal scale (COWS) score (0=no withdrawal symptoms; 36 or >=severe withdrawal symptoms for patients discharged on day 5 of an inpatient addiction withdrawal stay as compared to patients discharged on day 7. Data are normally distributed. a. Data are independent; patients who go home on day 5 are different from patients who go home on day 7 b. Normal distribution for dependent (COWS continuous data) c. Independent t-test

11. A DNP student speculates that new mothers' attitude towards breastfeeding measured using the IIFAS will be influenced by age, educational level attained, prior breastfeeding experience and type of insurance. The IILAS is measured on a scale that ranges from a low score of 38 to a high score of 89, interval level data. What percent of the variance in breastfeeding attitudes can be explained by age, education, prior breastfeeding experience, and type of insurance? a. Dependent: mother's attitude towards breastfeeding b. Independent: age, education, prior breastfeeding experiences, insurance c. Multiple regression (Dependent variable is interval data)

12. A student speculates that new mothers who choose exclusive breastfeeding at the time of delivery as the feeding method for her newborn, will be affected by age, educational level attained, prior breastfeeding experience and type of insurance. The dependent variable (exclusive breast feeding) is nominal level data and dichotomous. The independent variables are a mix of continuous (age) and categorial variables. What percent of the variance in exclusive breastfeeding can be explained by age, education, prior breastfeeding experience, and type of insurance? a. Use chi square because the dependent variable is categorical (dichotomous) and education (ordinal), prior breastfeeding experience (dichotomous), and type of insurance (nominal/dichotomous) are all categorical data as well. b. Logistic regression (Dependent variable is nominal data)