1. Using the different views in Sections 13.2 and 13.3, characterize how strategies have developed in different organizations (e.g. Alphabet/Google, Siemens* and Mormon Magda*).

2. Planning systems exist in many different organizations. What role should planning play in a public sector organization such as local government, a not-for-profit organization such as Where should the beds go?* and a multinational corporation such as SABMiller or AB InBev (in the Megabrew* case).