Playing the role of an instructor, analyze each response for its completeness and accuracy. Examine the evaluation of the patient, analysis of the case, and the suggested treatment. Using your textbook as a guide, suggest any specific additions or clarifications that would improve a discussion question response.

	Osteoporosis	Osteomalacia	Rheumatoid Arthritis	Gout	Osteoarthritis
Pathophysiology	Decrease in bone density and bone mass, decreases bone strength	Softening and weakening of the bones	Bone erosion and deformity, inflammation of joints	Inflammation of joints due to crystal deposits in joints	Disease of entire joint from stress, abnormal mechanics, or wear and tear.
Etiology	Changes in structure of bone tissue, due to age, medication usage, and changes in hormones.	Disease causing inadequate absorption of use of vitamin D, causing low bone growth and hardening	Autoimmune disease causing the body to attack healthy joints and tissues causing loss of joint materials	Hyperuricemia, too much uric acid in the body. Collects in joints and causes crystals to form	Break down of tissues and joints due to changes in tissues due to age, family history or injury.
Manifestations	Loss of height due to spinal loss, fracture of bones, malformation of bones	Pain in bones and hips, bone fractures, muscle weakness	Stiff and painful joints, loss of mobility, swelling of joints.	Painful and swollen joints, most often big toe. Redness and immobility	Joint pain, stiffness, and restrictions of movement
Complications	Fractures, bone cancer, heart failure, osteoarthritis	Liver disease, kidney failure	Disability, heart disease, diabetes.	Joint damage, kidney stones, tophi.	Chondrolysis, bone death, stress fractures, joint bleeding
Treatments	Medications, calcium supplementation, exercise, weight loss	Supplements of Vitamin D, calcium, and phosphate. Light therapy. Braces on bones	Surgery, medications to relieve pain and stop inflammation, biological medications to stop autoimmune disorder	Anti-inflammatory drugs, diet and exercise, reduce uric acid	Pain medication, exercise, physical therapy, weight loss

References

AKF. (2021). Complications of gout. American Kidney Fund.

https://www.kidneyfund.org/living-kidney-disease/health-problems-caused-kidney-disease/gout/complications-gout

CDC. (2023). Osteoarthritis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/osteoarthritis.htm

NIH. (2022) Osteoporosis. National Institute of Health.

https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/osteoporosis#:~:text=Symptoms%20of%20Osteoporosis,or%20hunched%20posture%20(kyphosis).

NIH. (2022). Rheumatoid Arthritis. National Institute of Health.

https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/rheumatoid-arthritis/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take