Please answer all of these multiple choice questions

1)Thirty people took part in a study to see the extent to which musical ability is related to math proficiency. The researchers observed each each subject as they played piano and scored their proficiency with piano.Subjects also took a math test. Two sets of scores were then analyzed to determine if the two skills were related. Which of the following research designs was used in the study?

Group of answer choices

Controlled] experimental study using self-reported data.

Non-experimental study using self-reported data.

Non-experimental study.

[Controlled] experimental study.

2) A correlational study allows the researcher to:

explore the difference between two group means.

explore the extent/direction and degree of relationship between the two variables.

explore the difference between two ratios.

determine the cause and effect between the two variables.

3) How would you check if the relationship between two variables is linear (i.e., straightline)?

Use Shapiro-Wilk's test results

Look at the histogram

Look at the scatterplot

4)The correlation coefficient between variablesAandBis .42 with statistical significance ofp= .002 (N=2500). What can we conclude?

Group of answer choices

There is a weak positive, and statistically significant relationship between A and B. The null hypothesis should be rejected. However, given the potentially large sample size, rejecting the null hypothesis may represent Type 1 error.

There is a moderate positive, but not statistically significant relationship between A and B. We failed to reject the null hypothesis. However, given the potentially large sample size, failing to reject the null hypothesis may represent Type 2 error.

There is a moderate positive, and statistically significant relationship between A and B variables. The null hypothesis should be rejected. However, given the potentially large sample size, rejecting the null hypothesis may represent Type 1 error.

Change/variation of scores on variable A causes change/variation of scores on variable B.

5) How much variance has been explained by a correlation coefficient of -.70? (Variance explained is also known as coefficient of determination, shared variance and effect size.)

49%

7%

None of the other answers are correct.

70%

6) When exploring the relationship between two variables and making inference from sample data to the population, it is important to look at:

Group of answer choices

Sample size

The statistical significance of the correlation coefficient.

All the other answers are correct.

The magnitude of the relationship (aka coefficient of determination, shared variance, effect size).

The strength and direction of the relationship.

7) If a research study in biomedical field found a moderate negative and statistically significant relationship between two variables, which of the following statistical parameters would you expect to see?

Group of answer choices

1, p<.01

-.48, p<.05

-.48, p<.01

-.68, p<.01

8)r = -.85 and p<.05 between employment and GPA.What would you conclude from these results?

Group of answer choices

There is a strong negative and statistically significant correlation between employment and GPA among college students. This means that students who work more tend to have lower GPA and vice versa, to large extent.

two variables are unrelated.

There is a moderate negative and statistically significant correlation between employment and GPA among college students. This means that students who work more tend to have higher GPA and students who work less have lower GPAs.

There is a strong negative and statistically significant correlation between employment and GPA among college students. This means that students who work more tend to have lower GPA and vice versa, to small extent.

9) Which of the following correlation coefficients suggest the weakest relationship?

r = .54

r = -.17

r = -.69

r = .09

10) There is a moderate positive and statistically significant relationshipbetween annual wage and numbers of years of teaching experience. What would you conclude from this finding?

Group of answer choices

Teaching experience cause increase in salary to some degree.

More teaching experience is moderately associated with higher annual wage in that teachers who have been teaching longer tend to earn more.

Teachers with 40 years of experience earn $40,000.

Teachers will start on a salary of $40,000.

11) Which of the following assumptions/conditions does Pearson product-moment correlation require of the data?

Group of answer choices

Linearity/Straight line relationship

All the other answers are correct

Normality

Paired data

Both variables measured on a continuous scale

12) If there is a moderate positive and statistically significant relationship between hours spent attending lectures and final course grade, you may conclude that

Group of answer choices

spending more time attending lectures will lead to improvement in the final course grade.

students who attend more lectures tend to have higher grades.

the final grade cannot be accurately predicted from the number of hours students attend lectures.