Please answer for #8

1.State your research topic and purpose.

When patients from the United States choose to have a commercial transplant of a kidney in a third world country, do they suffer more medical complications, including but not limited to post-surgery years of survival compared to patients who only have kidney transplants in the United States? In conclusion, I want to prove that with popular theory seeking a commercial transplant overseas can cause more significant overall medical complications than having a kidney transplant done domestically.

2.State your research question(s).

When patients from the United States choose to have a commercial transplant of a kidney in a third world country, can they suffer more medical complications, including to but not limited to post-surgery years of survival compared to patients who only have kidney transplants in the United States?

3.List and label the variables as independent, dependent, intervening, or moderating.

Independent Variable: Classification of patients (recipients of overseas organ and recipients of domestic organ)

This is the preliminary data that need to be determined. This is independent because it is already defined, and it is not affected by any factor or components of the research.

Dependent Variable: The number of post-surgery complications

It is dependent on the classification of the patient. The initial claim that I want to prove in conducting this research is that recipients of overseas organs experienced more complications than those who received a domestic organ.

4.State your hypothesis.

My hypothesis for this research paper is that seeking a kidney transplant in a developing or 3rd world country will cause more significant health complications leading to death than waiting for an organ transplant in a developed or 1st world country. However, there is also the factor that a patient could die on the transplant waitlist vs. possibly living an extra five or seven years after receiving a commercial transplant. I will use kidney transplants, for example, since they are the most common transplants done worldwide. Patients that receive a kidney from a living donor live an average of 12-20 years post-transplant; patients that receive kidneys from a deceased donor live an average of 8-12 years post-transplant.These estimates are made assuming there are no complications during or post-transplant. When considering morbidity post-transplant, one has to consider five factors, each of which has a significant influence. "These are; patient age, the time interval since the transplant, whether the recipient has diabetes mellitus, the geographical position of the transplant center" (Briggs,2001).

5.Describe the limitations present in your study. Be thorough.

This type of study is limited in available data as it's hard to find people willing to openly discuss that they are seeking an overseas kidney or received an overseas kidney. The practice is seen as unethical and exploitation of the involved donors. So far, there is no solid number or percentage of people that can be confirmed as participating in organ tourism for a kidney overseas. Most people don't admit to receiving an overseas kidney until they are faced with medical complications results from the surgery. Kidney transplant support organizations use a formula to get a general idea of numbers. People on the kidney transplant list (minus) people that have been removed from the list (minus) people who receive kidneys (minus) people that have passed away (minus) people that received a kidney from a familiar donor. The people remaining if they are alive and generally the tiny percentage of people that received a kidney overseas.

Study limitations may also arise from the lack of any previous study on this topic, as we may not be able to match our end result statistics to any confirmed results. Issues may also arise in cultural bias in collecting data from third-world countries. For an in-depth study, a large sample size is needed for appropriate data because of the nature of my research topic that is very hard to acquire.

6. Describe what the results would look like if the data supports your hypothesis.

The null and alternative hypothesis are my two sided research question

Since the p-value is greater than alpha level, then what is needed is fail to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore,at 95% confidence level, there is sufficient evidence to say that patients from the United States choose who have a commercial transplant of a kidney in a third world country,have equally suffermedical complications, including to but not limited to post-surgery years of survival compared to patients who only have kidney transplants in the United States.

7. Describe what the results would look like if your data does not support your hypothesis.

Since the p-value is less than alpha level, then we need to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, at 95% confidence level, there is sufficient evidence to say that patients from the United States choose who have a commercial transplant of a kidney in a third world country, has suffer more medical complications, including to but not limited to post-surgery years of survival compared to patients who only have kidney transplants in the United States?

8. If the data supports your hypothesis, explain what conclusions would you draw and what recommendations would you make.