Please answer number 5 question to the best of your ability. This is a research method class. Thank you!

(a) Which operational measurement is more valid, Dr. Smith's or Dr. Jones's? Explain how you know. What can you say about the reliability of the two measures? Discuss the importance of measurement validity and reliability in the context of research design. (10 points.) (b) A third researcher is aware of the work being done by Smith and Jones, and argues that both should be concerned about their approach to studying the effect of protest size on violent events. A central problem is their reliance on newspaper reporting to measure protest size and violence. Importantly, it's likely that news organizations overreport on large protests and violent events, and underreport smaller demonstrations and nonviolent events. If this is true, the studies will seriously suffer from selection bias. Explain the problem of selection bias in this case from the perspective of descriptive inference and causal inference. (10 points.) 4. Consider Hertel-Fernandez's (2016) "Explaining Durable Business Coalitions in U.S. Politics: Conservatives and Corporate Interests across America's Statehouses." Provide an overview of the purpose of this research. Then, explain the approach used by the author to answer his research question. How does the author justify using this approach? Does he test any specific hypotheses? Evaluate the internal and external validity of this study. Is this research valuable? Why or why not? (20 points.) 5. Several state legislatures have recently developed proposals to create a new health insurance pi- lot program for low-income residents, which would expand existing state and federally funded insurance programs. A program in one state, called the Care Advantage Program (CAP), would offer high quality health insurance plans for those with household incomes below $50,000 (about double the federal poverty level for a family of four). Although around 650,000 house- holds in the state would be eligible for CAP, the proposed program would initially have limited funding and would only be able to cover 30,000 households. Since the legislature expects there to be high demand for the program - over 400,000 house holds are estimated to apply for ben- efits the state would set up a lottery that would randomly select families who want the new coverage and register with the state to be added to the lottery pool. Each of the 30,000 selected households would automatically be enrolled in the program, while those not selected would not receive any CAP health insurance benefits. Researchers are excited about this pilot program because it could potentially allow them to study the effects of the health insurance program on a variety of health-related topics like use of preventative health care, household medical expenditures, and overall family health outcomes. Imagine you are hired by the state running the pilot program to study the effects of the CAP. Develop a research design that would allow you to assess the effectiveness of the insurance program. Make sure you are specific about the details of your approach, including a discussion of what your unit of analysis would be, sampling techniques (if necessary), how you might obtain measures of your dependent variables, what your independent variable would be, the kinds of causal inferences you could make with your design, how you would test the relationship between CAP coverage and the health outcomes, and any limitations your design faces. (35 points.) 4