Please answer the following:

1.According to sociologist Manuel Castells:

a.

the years leading up to the Occupy Wall Street movement had witnessed a dizzying increase in the disparity of wealth in the United States

b.

in the years leading up to the Occupy Wall Street movement, the top 1 percent in the nation had secured 58 percent of the economic growth in the period for themselves, while real hourly wages for the average worker had increased by only 2 percent. The wealth of the top 5 percent had increased by 42 percent.

c.

by and large the movement was made up of a large majority of democratic voters, as well as of politically independent minded people who were in search of new forms of changing the world

d.

all of the above

2.Collective behavior refers to:

a.formal acts where people collect money

b.noninstitutionalized activity in which several or many people voluntarily engage

c.both a and b

d.none of the above

3.The three theories of collective behavior listed in the book are:

a.

emergent-norms perspective, value-added theory, and assembling perspective

b.

flash mobs, emergent-norms perspective, and value-added theory

c.

collective behavior, value-added theory, and assembling perspective

d.

none of the above

4.he value-added theory of collective behavior comes from functionalist theory and is based on the idea that several conditions must be in place for collective behavior to occur. Each condition adds to the likelihood that collective behavior will occur. What are the six conditions?

a.

i. structural conduciveness, which occurs when people are aware of the problem and have the opportunity to gather, ideally in an open area. ii. structural strain, when peoples expectations about the situation at hand being unmet, causing tension and strain. iii. growth and spread of a generalized belief about the issue, wherein a problem is clearly identified and attributed to a person or group. iv. precipitating factors spur collective behavior and a dramatic event emerges v. mobilization, when leaders emerge to direct a crowd to action vi. rioting

b.

i. structural conduciveness, which occurs when people are aware of the problem and have the opportunity to gather, ideally in an open area. ii. structural strain, when peoples expectations about the situation at hand being unmet, causing tension and strain. iii. growth and spread of a generalized belief about the issue, wherein a problem is clearly identified and attributed to a person or group. iv. precipitating factors spur collective behavior and a dramatic event emerges v. mobilization, when leaders emerge to direct a crowd to action vi. action by the agents in the form of social control to end the collective behavior episode

c.

i. someone commits a crime or other similar offense ii. structural strain, when peoples expectations about the situation at hand being unmet, causing tension and strain. iii. growth and spread of a generalized belief about the issue, wherein a problem is clearly identified and attributed to a person or group. iv. precipitating factors spur collective behavior and a dramatic event emerges v. mobilization, when leaders emerge to direct a crowd to action vi. action by the agents in the form of social control to end the collective behavior episode

d.

none of the above

5.social movements are defined as purposeful, organized groups that strive to work toward a common social goal

True

False

6.The four levels of social movements include:

a.

low, medium, high, and very high

b.

local, state, national, and global

c.

very weak, weak, medium strength, and strong

d.

all of the above

7.For sociologists, the lifecycle of social movements is about how they emerge, grow, and in some cases, die out. According to Blumer (1969) and Tilly (1978), the four stages include:

a.

i. an initial stage where something dramatic happens ii. coalescence stage when people join together and organize in order to publicize the issue and raise awareness. iii. institutionalization stage, when the movement no longer requires grassroots volunteerism: it is an established organization, typically with a paid staff. iv. decline stage, when people fall away and adopt a new movement, the movement successfully brings about the change it sought, or when people no longer take the issue seriously

b.

i. preliminary stage, where people become aware of an issue, and leaders emerge. ii. coalescence stage when people join together and organize in order to publicize the issue and raise awareness. iii. institutionalization stage, when the movement no longer requires grassroots volunteerism: it is an established organization, typically with a paid staff. iv. decline stage, when people fall away and adopt a new movement, the movement successfully brings about the change it sought, or when people no longer take the issue seriously

c.

i. an initial stage where something dramatic happens ii. coalescence stage when people join together and organize in order to publicize the issue and raise awareness. iii. institutionalization stage, when the movement no longer requires grassroots volunteerism: it is an established organization, typically with a paid staff. iv. a dramatic ending

d.

all of the above

8.According to the book, the major causes of social change are:

a.

Technology, the environment, institutions, and population dynamics.

b.

Technology, the environment, presidents, and the stock market.

c.

Pandemics.

d.

None of the above.

9.Modernization describes the process of increasing the amount of specialization and differentiation of structures in societies, resulting in the move from an undeveloped society to a developed, technologically driven society

True

False

10.The major theoretical perspectives used to explain social movements are

Blank 1 ,Blank 2, and Blank 3

.