Please answer the following questions.

Lab 4: Spectroscopy part 2 One may take a picture of an astronomical object, but you can get MORE and this is from the spectrum-the pattern you get when you send the light from the object through a prism or bounce off a diffraction grating- like a rainbow. By using a spectrum, we are trying to figure out what is \"controlling\" how much light we see of different colors. Using the spectrum of an astronomical object can tell us: -what it is made of (composition) -if the object is alone or has a companion or has stuff around it -if the object is moving and/or spinning -if there is a magnetic field present -a temperature estimate of the object We will focus for now on COMPOSTION of the object as that is the easiest to determine in a lab setting. Things we know In a lab, we can create three basic types of spectra- continuous, emission, and absorption. 1. Describe a continuous spectrum and the in-class example of what it can be produced by: 2. Describe an emission spectrum and the in-class example of what it can be produced by: 3. Describe an absorption spectrum and the in-class example of what it can be produced by: 4. Howe are an emission and absorption spectrum of the same element related to each other: The spectrum of an atomic (or molecular) gas is like a fingerprint- they are all different! It has to do with atomic structure. An atom is made of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The electrons have a great deal of energy as they zoom around the nucleus, but the amount of energy is EXTREMELY specific. Each atom has a specific set of energies that electrons can have- if the electron doesn't have that energy, it just doesn't exist around that particular nucleus. These energies are called energy levels. 5. What is the primary difference between atoms of different elements (what about the atomic structure is different for each element)? a. Draw an atom including the nucleus and five energy levels that electrons could occupy. REMEMBER that energy levels get closer together the farther from the nucleus they are. b. On your drawing, draw a single electron in the ground state (lowest energy level). The only way an electron can change energy levels is to obtain energy (goes to a higher energy level) or lose it (goes to lower energy level). The two ways to obtain energy are to gain it through electrical power or to absorb a photon of light. The only way to lose energy is to emit a photon of light. 7. Ifall of an atom's electrons are in their ground states, will an atom emit light? Explain your reasoning. 8. Of these two choices, when will an electron of an atom emit more energy/light (choose one)? a. An electron drops down from the first excited state to the ground state. b. An electron drops down from the third excited state to the ground state. Explain your reasoning. 9. The two drawings below each show an atom with an electron that is jumping between energy levels. a. Which one shows emission of a photon? b. Which one shows absorption of a photon? c. Which one has the higher energy photon involved? d. Which one has the longer wavelength photon involved (remember how wavelength and energy relate)? 10. Note that the energy levels get closer together as the energies increase. Thus, which of the two following transitions will produce a higher energy photon: a. An electron jumping from the third excited state to the second excited state. b. An electron jumping from the second excited state to the first excited state. Draw a labeled diagram as part of your explanation. 11. Let's say you see an absorption spectrum. a. Will electrons in the atoms of the gas cloud \"filter\" be emitting or absorbing photons? b. Will those electrons be \"jumping up\" or \"dropping down\" in energy levels? C. What components do you need to see an absorption spectrum? (circle the 7 relavant) Continuum light source Cloud of gas/filter Neutrons Emission light source Photons Electrons Fluorescent light source Energy levels Atoms Diffraction Grating Sound waves Using the words circled above, describe how an absorption spectrum is produced using a detailed, labeled diagram. Start with the original light source and end with your eye. For what is happening in the atom show a \"zoom in\" of the atom