Please answer the following questions thoroughly with great explanations being in depth. Do not copy and paste other answers online. Thank you.

1.) In Java, integers can be assigned to real variables, but not vice versa. What design principle does this violate? In C, this restriction does not exist. What design principle does this violate?

2.) Java and Python programs are translated to byte code that runs on a virtual machine. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this implementation strategy, as opposed to that of C++, whose programs translate to machine code