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Assignment: DC Circuits (Lab Regard Testable Question How does changing the resistance in a circuit affect the current and voltage? Hypothesis I predict that changing the resistance in a circuit has a direct impact on both current and voltage. According to Ohm's law, which states that current (I) is inversely proportional to resistance (R) at a constant voltage (V), an increase in resistance leads to a decrease in current, while a decrease in resistance results in an increase in current. Additionally, with higher resistance, a greater portion of the voltage is dropped across the resistor, causing an increase in voltage. Conversely, when resistance is reduced, less voltage is dropped across the resistor, leading to a decrease in voltage. This relationship is crucial in understanding how varying resistance levels inuence the behavior of electrical circuits. Materials - Computer with internet access - PhET virtual lab: https:l/phet.colorado.edufsims/html/circuit- construction-kit-dc/latest/circuit-construction-kit-dc_en.html Procedure 1. Open the simulation using the link: hps:l/phet.colorado.edu/simsl html/circuit-construction-kit-dc/latest/circuit-construction-kit- dc_en.html 2. Set the DC power supply to a specic current value and note this down. 3. Connect the ammeter in series with the circuit to measure the current owing through the circuit. Ensure that the current remains constant throughout the experiment. 4. Connect the voltmeter in parallel with the resistor to measure the potential difference across the resistor. 5. Start with a resistor of known resistance. Record the resistance and the corresponding potential difference as indicated by the voltmeter. 6. Replace the resistor with another of a different resistance. Again, record the resistance and the corresponding potential difference. Observations The data table also shows that the relationship between resistance and potential difference is linear. This means that the potential difference across the resistor increases or decreases at a constant rate as the resistance increases or decreases. This is consistent with Ohm's law, which states that the current through a conductor is inversely proportional to its resistance at a constant voltage. Discussion The relationship between resistance, current, and voltage plays a pivotal role in the operation of various electrical devices and circuits. One notable example is the contrast between a light bulb and a wire. A light bulb possesses higher resistance compared to a wire, resulting in a lower current passing through it. This indamental distinction is the reason why light bulbs emit light, while wires remain un-illuminated. Similarly, resistors are indiSpensable components in electronic circuits, serving to regulate the current ow. By manipulating the resistance, one can precisely modulate the current, a principle exploited in devices like rhcostats, which are employed to control the brightness of light bulbs. Moreover, the interplay between resistance, current, and voltage nds application in digital circuits. In these circuits, voltage levels are employed to represent binary digits, with high voltage signifying a '1' and low voltage indicating a '0'. Through strategic use of resistors, the voltage can be altered to convey different binary states. This underpins the ability of digital circuits to execute intricate computations and process information. The experimental data substantiates the initial hypothesis, affirming that altering the resistance in a circuit exerts a direct inuence on both current and voltage. This assertion aligns with Ohm's law, which articulates that the current through a conductor varies inversely with its resistance when voltage remains constant. The data set reveals a linear correlation between resistance and potential difference. This signies that the potential difference across the resistor experiences uniform alteration as the resistance undergoes corresponding changes. This observation harmonizes seamlessly with Ohm's law, which explicitly states the inverse relationship between current and resistance under constant voltage. The slope of the line within the data table equates to the current coursing through the circuit. This arises from the fact that the slope signies the change in potential difference per unit shift in resistance, a direct manifestation of current, as stipulated by Ohm's law. Conclusion This experiment has provided clear evidence supporting the hypothesis that changing the resistance in a circuit directly affects both current and voltage. The results align with Ohm's law, demonstrating the inverse relationship between current and resistance at a constant voltage. This fundamental principle has wide-ranging applications in various electronic devices and circuits, from light bulbs to digital systems. The linear correlation observed between resistance and potential difference irther reinforces the validity of Ohm's law in this experimental context. Overall, this study underscores the crucial role that resistance plays in the behavior of electrical circuits, laying a solid foundation for further exploration and application in the field of electronics. 7. Repeat this process for resistors of various resistances 7 to 10 times, each time recording the resistance and the corresponding potential difference. 8. Ensure that the current remains constant throughout the experiment. Variables Dependent variable: Potential Difference (Voltage) across the circuit Independent variable: Resistance in the direct current (DC) circuit Data tables Table of Data Resistance (Ohms) Potential Difference (Volts) 10 2.5 20 4.2 30 6.1 40 8.0 50 9.9 60 11.8 70 13.6 80 15.4 90 17.2 100 19.0 M Relationship between Resistance and Potential Difference In a DC Circuit 3 i E :5 E E 60 Resistance (Ohms)