please expand on context using intext citation and outside citation There are many different types of ways to measure brain functioning. Each of these scanning tools includes advantages and disadvantages. For example, fMRI which stands for functional magnetic resonance images measures the changes in blood flow within the brain that occurs during brain activity. BOLD fMRI scanning measure is most commonly used due to it's ability to track changes in blood flow and oxygen levels that indicate neural activity. Some of the advantages to fMRI are that it in non-invasive. This means it does not expose individuals to radiation in order to tack theses changes. The contrast for BOLD fMRI takes advantage of substances that already exist within the body in order to produce images (Crosson et al., 2011). Furthermore, fMRI imaging techniques have a better spatial resolution in comparison to other imaging techniques. This means it has better accuracy with brain activity location. Although BOLD fMRI is most commonly used, it still has disadvantages such as the ability to be readily available, this then increases the costs of imaging due to the availability. Another disadvantage of fMRI is the confined spaces that individuals are placed in as well as the loud noise that these machines produce. The noise and tight spaces can cause the participants to produce a negative reaction.

fMRI has allows us to better understand location of brain activity and this allows doctors to view which part of the brain needs to be looked at within treatment. Furthermore, fMRI can give an idea of how individuals recall memories, and give an insight to the structure of cognitive processes. (Mather et al., 2013)

Another important imaging tool used is PET which stands for positron emission tomography. This imaging tool measures blood flow, oxygen use as well as glucose metabolism. Additionally, the PET scan looks for areas of the brain in which activity occurs but also includes metabolism to view the physiological functioning in the brain. Again, there are advantages and disadvantages to using this type of imaging. For example, the use of PET imaging requires an injection of a radioactive substance. This exposes the patient to radiation. Another disadvantage is that individuals most perform a 40 second task in order to get a clear resolution. Although there are some disadvantages, a PET scan has advantages as well, such as it is less likely to lose signal near air-tissues interfaces. (Crosson et al., 2011). Another advantage is that PET scans do not require the participant to be in a confined space and it does not include an acoustic noise. This will reduce negative behavioral reactions from participants. The PET scans allow a clear image from living humans of the effects of damage within the brain, specifically with alcohol and other illicit substances. (Wong et al., 2003)