please explain the answer in bold words ( why minus to 0.32 and 0.15)

Amur Corporation (a French corporation whose stock is traded on an established U.S. securities market)	$60,000
Blaze, Inc., a Delaware corporation	40,000
Grape, Inc., a Virginia corporation	22,000

If an amount is zero, enter "0".

a. Alva purchased the Grape stock three years ago, and she purchased the Amur stock two years ago. She purchased the Blaze stock 18 days before it went ex-dividend and sold it 20 days later at a $5,000 loss. Alva had no other capital gains and losses for the year. She is in the 32% marginal tax bracket and applicable qualifying dividend rate is 15%.

The amount of her tax on qualifying dividends is $.

The amount of her tax on nonqualifying dividends is $.

The total tax on all her dividend income is $.

c. Alva can earn 4.5% before-tax interest on a corporate bond or a 4% dividend on a preferred stock. Assuming that the appreciation in value is the same, which investment produces the greater after-tax income? The stock yields the greater after-tax return.

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Answer: The stock yields the greater after-tax return.

Alva's after-tax return on the bond is 3.06% [(1 0.32)(0.045)]. Her after-tax return on the stock is 3.4% [(1 0.15)(0.04)]. Therefore, the stock yields the greater after-tax return, since any appreciation in value is the same.