please help

1. The grandparents of a newborn baby want to invest enough money in a financial instrument so that it gives the child amounts of $10,000 each year for 4 years immediately when he turns 18. Paternal grandparents agree to finance the first two payments, while maternal grandparents agree to finance the last two. If the effective interest rate granted by the instrument is 8%, find the difference between the contributions that each pair of grandparents will make today. 2. You are granted a loan, for which the interest is charged over 10 years under the following structure: (a) An effective interest rate of 5 % during the first 2 years. (b) A nominal interest rate convertible every two months of 5 % for the next two years. (c) A simple discount rate of 3 % for the next two years. (d) A discount rate compounded semiannually of 7 % for two more years. (e) An interest force of 5 % for the last two years. Calculate the equivalent annual effective rate for this 10-year loan