Please Help. Answer all the questions for full rating.

Auditing long-term debt. Atlas Company has long-term debt on its books. It has issued new debt and made payments on the outstanding debt every year. The ending balance in the accounts for the current year and the prior year follow.

	Balance at 12/31/11	Balance at 12/31/12
Long-Term notes payable	$12,000,000	$11,400,000
Bonds payable	25,000,000	25,000,000
Discount on Bonds payable	4,300,000	4,000,000

a. Assume that $3,000,000 of new long-term notes payable was issued in 2012. What is the amount of notes paid during the year? Show your calculations.

b. Why has the balance in the Discount on Bonds Payable changed from 2011 to 2012, but the bonds' face value has not?

c. The company's current ratio should be maintained no less than 1.0 during the entire year according to the debt covenant on the new note payable. How will the auditors determine whether that condition has been met in 2012?

d. Te Bonds Payable account contains two debt covenants. The first covenant requires the comapny to cancel all management bonuses if the debt-to-equity ratio goes above 0.50. The second covenant permits the company to issue stock options only if net income increases by 20% per year. How will the auditors determine whether the company has met the debt covenants in 2012?

e. Why have the bond holders included these particular debt covenants in their debt agreement? What do they hope to gain from the covenants?

f. Describe assertions that could be important for the Long-Term Debt account, and describe one substantive test you could use to verify that the assertions are valid.