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Arndt, Inc. reported the following for 2021 and 2022 ($ in millions):

	2021				2022
Revenues	$	1,058			$	1,048
Expenses		828				834
Pretax accounting income (income statement)	$	230			$	214
Taxable income (tax return)	$	167			$	251
Tax rate: 25%

1. Expenses each year include $81 million from a two-year casualty insurance policy purchased in 2021 for $162 million. The cost is tax deductible in 2021.
2. Expenses include $2 million insurance premiums each year for life insurance on key executives.
3. Arndt sells one-year subscriptions to a weekly journal. Subscription sales collected and taxable in 2021 and 2022 were $67 million and $69 million, respectively. Subscriptions included in 2021 and 2022 financial reporting revenues were $59 million ($44 million collected in 2020 but not recognized as revenue until 2021) and $67 million, respectively. Hint: View this as two temporary differencesone reversing in 2021; one originating in 2021.
4. 2021 expenses included a $48 million unrealized loss from reducing investments (classified as trading securities) to fair value. The investments were sold and the loss realized in 2022.
5. During 2020, accounting income included an estimated loss of $40 million from having accrued a loss contingency. The loss was paid in 2021, at which time it is tax deductible.
6. At January 1, 2021, Arndt had a deferred tax asset of $21 million and no deferred tax liability.

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[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] Arndt, Inc. reported the following for 2021 and 2022 ($ in millions):

	2021				2022
Revenues	$	1,058			$	1,048
Expenses		828				834
Pretax accounting income (income statement)	$	230			$	214
Taxable income (tax return)	$	167			$	251
Tax rate: 25%

1. Expenses each year include $81 million from a two-year casualty insurance policy purchased in 2021 for $162 million. The cost is tax deductible in 2021.
2. Expenses include $2 million insurance premiums each year for life insurance on key executives.
3. Arndt sells one-year subscriptions to a weekly journal. Subscription sales collected and taxable in 2021 and 2022 were $67 million and $69 million, respectively. Subscriptions included in 2021 and 2022 financial reporting revenues were $59 million ($44 million collected in 2020 but not recognized as revenue until 2021) and $67 million, respectively. Hint: View this as two temporary differencesone reversing in 2021; one originating in 2021.
4. 2021 expenses included a $48 million unrealized loss from reducing investments (classified as trading securities) to fair value. The investments were sold and the loss realized in 2022.
5. During 2020, accounting income included an estimated loss of $40 million from having accrued a loss contingency. The loss was paid in 2021, at which time it is tax deductible.
6. At January 1, 2021, Arndt had a deferred tax asset of $21 million and no deferred tax liability.

1. Which of the five differences described in items ae are temporary and which are permanent differences?

a. Casualty insurance expense

b. Life Insurance premiums

c. subscriptions

d. Unrealized loss on trading securities

e. Loss contingency

2. Prepare a schedule that reconciles the difference between pretax accounting income and taxable income. Using the schedule, prepare the necessary journal entry to record income taxes for 2021.

3. Compute the deferred tax amounts that should be reported on the 2021 balance sheet. (Enter your answers in millions rounded to 1 decimal place (i.e., 5,500,000 should be entered as 5.5).)

4. Prepare a schedule that reconciles the difference between pretax accounting income and taxable income. Using the schedule, prepare the necessary journal entry to record income taxes for 2022.

5. Compute the deferred tax amounts that should be reported on the 2022 balance sheet. (Enter your answer in millions (i.e., 10,000,000 should be entered as 10).)

6. Suppose that during 2022, tax legislation was passed that will lower Arndts effective tax rate to 15% beginning in 2023. Prepare a schedule that reconciles the difference between pretax accounting income and taxable income. Using the schedule, prepare the necessary journal entry to record income taxes for 2022.