Please help,

______________________ describes a situation where a third party, outside the transaction, suffers from a market transaction by others.

Group of answer choices

Negative externality

Positive externality

A spillover

A market failure

Flag question: Question 2Question 22 pts

Command-and-control regulation is a body of law that

Group of answer choices

fails to consider private costs of firms.

specifies allowable quantities of pollution.

details which pollution-control technologies must be used.

can include both b and c.

Flag question: Question 3Question 32 pts

Which of the following would be classified as a situation where a third-party benefits from a market transaction by others?

Group of answer choices

City buying 10,000 trees for green space renewal projects.

Increased levels of air pollution in neighborhoods near a football stadium.

Allowing a mining company to use a natural lake to discharge waste.

Two firms trading pollution credits to avoid cutting their toxic emissions.

Flag question: Question 4Question 42 pts

Because of the nature of the comprehensive environmental laws adopted during the late 1960s and early 1970s by the United States government, these laws are typically referred to as ______________________.

Group of answer choices

positive regulations

command and control regulations

control and command regulations

negative regulations

Flag question: Question 5Question 52 pts

The refundable charge of 5 or 10 cents for returning recyclable cans and bottles works like

Group of answer choices

an incentive to throw bottles and cans in the trash.

command-and-control regulation.

a market permit program.

a pollution tax incentive to avoid littering.

Flag question: Question 6Question 62 pts

A public good is a good that is _____________________, and thus is difficult for market producers to sell to individual consumers.

Group of answer choices

A public good is a good that is _____________________, and thus is difficult for market producers to sell to individual consumers.

nonexcludable and nonrivalrous

excludable and rivalrous

unexcludable or unrivaled

Flag question: Question 7Question 72 pts

Which of the following would most likely be identified as being the ultimate goal of public policies that pertain to technology?

Group of answer choices

to help inventors earn higher rates of return

to help inventors earn reasonable returns

to encourage a stream of inventions that monetarily benefit the inventor.

to encourage a stream of invention that benefits the whole of society.

Flag question: Question 8Question 82 pts

Which of the following circumstances would encourage I'MaPharmaCo. to increase research and development activities?

Group of answer choices

cost of financial capital is high

patent term expires in 20 years

cost of financial capital is low

a low rate of return is likely

Flag question: Question 9Question 92 pts

Which of the following mechanisms will increase the rate of return that can be earned by inventors of new technology?

Group of answer choices

intellectual property rights

government research and development grants

cooperative research ventures between companies

patents, copyrights, and each of the above

Flag question: Question 10Question 102 pts

There is a skating rink in your city that is open to anybody to use at any time. They even provide skates for people who don't own any. This is an example of a good that is

Group of answer choices

rivalrous and nonexcludable

nonrivalrous and excludable

rivalrous and excludable

nonrivalrous and nonexcludable